10 Cause and Effect Essay Topics on Economics of Climate Change

10 Cause and Effect Essay Topics on Economics of Climate Change If you have been asked to write a cause and effect essay on climate change, then you need to include facts to substantiate the claims you are including in your writing. That being said, below are a handful of useful facts on the economics of climate change which you can use for a cause and effect essay: Economic estimates relating to the impact of climate change are based on the GDP losses as temperatures increase. This leads to market and non-market impacts. Market impacts will include agricultural impacts, forestry impacts, tourism problems, and fishery problems. There will be damage to coastal regions which results from the sea level change. There will be shifts in the cost of heating and cooling. There will be changes in water resources available. Non-market impacts will include the spread of disease negatively impacting health, increased pollution and increased water shortages. There will be a negative impact on leisure activities, a loss of biodiversity, and an inability for cities and cultures to migrate. The regions which will experience the most negative economic impacts include Africa, Latin America, and Asia. China, North America, and Russia will suffer small impacts from warming temperatures. India will face negative impacts such as agricultural damages, changes to the monsoon pattern, and deteriorating health. As thin ice continues to deplete, so does the life of the Canadian Inuit villages and their ability to sustain their environments. In Africa the spread of tropical diseases will increase and the health of many inhabitants will deteriorate. In addition, there will be larger agricultural damages which will damage the agricultural potential of the areas. Europe will face risks in the form of damage to coastal areas. The current economic impact of climate change has reached 1.2 trillion dollars per year for the world, which has taken 1.6 percent of the annual GDP from the global GDP. It is estimated that by the year 2030 the cost for climate change and for the resulting air pollution will jump from where it is up to 3.2 percent of the total global GDP, the majority of which will be a burden borne by the developing countries. In fact, the developing countries will face losses up to 11 percent of their total GDP. Climate change has resulted in an average 400,000 deaths from increased illness, natural disasters, pollution, and other impacts around the world, over 1 year. Developing countries are facing devastating agricultural damage from extreme weather which has contributed to malnutrition and poverty related diseases, both of which are responsible for the aforementioned fact. Climate-sensitive diseases are often transmitted by mosquitoes or other insects and include diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, encephalitis, and dengue fever. Polluted waters can lead to cholera or other diseases associated with algal blooms. Ticks which might carry Lyme disease will thrive in areas with specific temperature and humidity levels. There are many kinds of ticks, including soft ticks, hard ticks, deer ticks, and winter ticks, each thriving in different temperatures. With climate change and health concerns rising, it is important to monitor the potential for spread of diseases based on weather such as vector-borne malaria. In addition to this, air pollution from fossil fuels has resulted in 4.5 million deaths per year. Temperatures have risen by 0.7 degrees Celsius around the globe since the end of the last century and this has brought with it a ten percent loss of productivity for farming. This means a loss of four million tons of food grain. This totals around 2.5 billion dollars in loss. That totals roughly 2 percent of the GDP of the UK. Extreme weather has the ability to wipe out 2 percent of the United States GDP by the end of 2030, and it could cost roughly 1.2 trillion dollars for China by the same time. In fact, the potential for wind chill is yet another sign of climate change, as is the possibility of injury from larger winds which result in higher economic costs for injury and death, taking from the GDP of each country. The changing of winds increases movement of air pollution. Air pollution has a very hazardous effect on climate change and health as it can warrant knew allergies, triggering mild and prolonged reactions such as sneezing to more severe reactions such as allergic breakouts, swelling of the throat and the eventual closing thereof, requiring emergency medical attention. This will lead to higher GDP health-related costs for healthcare and for mitigating the spread of disease and pollution. There are property damages sustained by changes in weather and natural disasters including prolonged drought and dust storms, wildfires, tropical storms, and heat waves which add another 3-4 percent of the GDP into covering these costs. The melting of the sea ice in the Arctic has reached a new record and should it continue at the same rate it will result in ice free summers and the extinction of polar bears. This would be linked to cold and rainy summers in Europe, as well as the severe drought in the UK and US over the last six years which has resulted in high food costs for the United States and damage to farmers by way of monsoon disruptions in India. In Antarctica the glaciers are losing their ice mass at alarming rates as well. The Pine Island Glacier, for example, has lost its ice thickness at an alarmingly high rate of 1.6 meters annually. The British Antarctic Survey uncovered that the average loss of ice over the last four thousand and seven hundred years never exceeded 3.8 centimeters annually. This means that rapid loss is taking place 42 times faster than the last nearly five thousand years, which means that the spread of disease, drought, and high food costs will grow. Here are the facts that will provide you with assistance whenever you need to write a paper on a related issue. You can also use 20 topics on economics of climate change and some writing tips on cause/effect essays. Benefit from these â€Å"helpers† and complete your assignments with pleasure. References: Helm, Dieter, and Cameron Hepburn.  The Economics And Politics Of Climate Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Print. Lerner, Adrienne Wilmoth, and Chiara St. Pierre.  Climate Change. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Print. Metz, Bert.  Climate Change 2007. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print. Stern, N. H.  The Economics Of Climate Change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print. Sundar, I, and V Radha.  Economics Of Climate Change. New Delhi: Sarup Book Publishers, 2009. Print. Tanaka, Shelley.  Climate Change. Toronto: Groundwood Books, 2006. Print. Verner, Dorte, and Clemens Breisinger.  Economics Of Climate Change In The Arab World. Washington D.C.: The World Bank, 2013. Print.

How to Tell if a File Exists in Perl

How to Tell if a File Exists in Perl Perl has a set of useful file test operators that can be used to  see whether a file exists or not. Among them is -e, which checks to see if a file exists. This information could be useful to you when you are working on a script that needs access to a specific file, and you want to be sure that the file is there before performing operations. If, for example, your script has a log or a configuration file that it depends upon, check for it first. The example script below throws a descriptive error if a file is not found using this test. #!/usr/bin/perl$filename /path/to/your/file.doc;if (-e $filename) {print File Exists!;} First, you create a string that contains the path to the file that you want to test. Then you wrap the -e (exists) statement in a conditional block so that the print statement (or whatever you put there) is only called if the file exists. You could test for the opposite- that the file does not exist- by using the unless conditional: unless (-e $filename) {print File Doesnt Exist!;} Other File Test Operators You can test for two or more things at a time using the and () or the or (||) operators. Some other Perl file test operators are: -r checks if the file is readable-w checks if the file is writeable-x checks if the file is executable-z checks if the file is empty-f checks if the file is a plain file-d checks if the file is a directory-l checks if the file is a symbolic link Using a file test can help you avoid errors or make you aware of an error that needs to be fixed.

huck finn1 essays

huck finn1 essays The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain 1. In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck Finn was the main character. The story was told through his eyes, and most of the events that took place happened around him. But some of these events would not have happened without other main characters as well, like Jim, Tom Sawyer, the King, or the Duke. Hucks personality at the start of the novel had changed gradually throughout the novel and until the end. At first, Miss Watson tried to make him pray for things but Huck did not believe in praying because it brought him bad luck. Later in the novel, Huck tries to pray for forgiveness and wants to erase his sin for stealing a nigger. After he prays, he feels he can pray openly now and will not sin anymore (CH. 31). Huck was also superstitious and believed that everything that went wrong was because of certain things he did, like the snake in Jims blanket. And everything was blamed on the bad luck Huck and Jim had. Huck also became kind, especially after the quarrel with his father, pap. He learned that in order to get along with people (like the king and duke), you have to let them have their way, and Huck did. Jim, at first, was looked upon as just an ordinary nigger. But Huck and Tom soon realized that he was very smart and had helped Huck through most of his adventures. But as a nigger, Jim was looked up to as a hero to other niggers. For instance, Huck tells the reader when niggers from all over the country came to see Jim and hear of his heroic stories and every nigger wanted to be like Jim. Jim was also very superstitious, especially in chapter eight when Jim talks about all of his superstitions, like counting the things for dinner and telling the bees that their owner had just died. All of this supposedly brought bad luck. Tom Sawyer was also a very influential character to the story. He was the one who came up with all ...

Building an Effective Plan of Improvement for Teachers

Building an Effective Plan of Improvement for Teachers A plan of improvement can be written for any teacher who performs unsatisfactorily or has a deficiency in one or more areas. This plan can be stand-alone in nature or in conjunction with an observation or evaluation. The plan highlights their area(s) of deficiency, offers suggestions for improvement, and gives a timeline in which they must meet the goals set in the plan of improvement. In many cases, the teacher and administrator have already had conversations regarding the areas that need improvement. Those conversations have yielded little to no results, and a plan of improvement is the next step.  A plan of improvement is intended to provide the teacher with detailed steps to improve and will also provide critical documentation should it become necessary to terminate the teacher. The following is a sample plan of improvement for teachers. Sample Plan of Improvement for Teachers Teacher: Any Teacher, Any Grade, Any Public School Administrator: Any Principal, Principal, Any Public School Date: Friday, January 4, 2019 Reasons for Action: Performance Deficiencies and Insubordination Purpose of the Plan: The purpose of this plan is to provide goals and suggestions to help the teacher improve in areas of deficiencies. Admonishment: Area of Deficiency Instructional IneffectivenessUnsatisfactory Teaching PerformanceWillful Neglect of Duty Description of Conduct or Performance: I have formally and informally visited Mrs. Teacher’s classroom several times since the beginning of the school year. Most every time Mrs. Teacher has been sitting at her desk, students have been working on worksheets, writing spelling words, etc. I have seen very little teacher instruction occurring and when I have seen instruction it has been a review of previously learned concepts, rather than new information.During my observations, I have noticed that the students are not involved in learning. Most seem disinterested in the classroom proceedings, and many of them hardly bother to go through the motions of responding when called upon by Mrs. Teacher.On Wednesday, December 19, 2018, I walked into Mrs. Teacher’s classroom and noticed the students were left in there unattended. Mrs. Teacher left the classroom to grab a cup of coffee and to use the bathroom and did not have anyone watch her classroom.On, Friday, December 21, 2018, I visited Mrs. Teacher’s classroo m three times throughout the day with the visits lasting about 10-15 minutes each time. When I entered the classroom all three times, Mrs. Teacher was at her desk, and the students were working on worksheets. Many of the students seemed bored and disinterested with their work. On occasion, a student would go up to her desk for help, and she did get up on one occasion and walk around the room monitoring the students’ progress. Assistance: Mrs. Teacher must receive prior administrator approval before leaving her classroom while students are in the classroom.Mrs. Teacher will be given several articles that provide successful tips for classroom management, motivation techniques, and instructional strategies.Mrs. Teacher will be required to observe another designated teachers classroom for one hour on Monday, January 7, 2019, from 8:30 – 9:30 a.m. and again on Thursday, January 10, 2019, from 1:15 p.m. – 2:15 p.m. The other teacher is a veteran teacher and does a fantastic job motivating and instructing students.Mrs. Teacher must not leave any students without adult supervision during any part of the school day. Timeline: This plan of improvement will remain in effect for three weeks, beginning Friday, January 4, 2019, and ending Friday, January 25, 2019. Consequences: This is a plan of improvement that highlights your deficiencies as a professional educator. These are serious enough to admonish you and give notice of deficiencies in the areas listed above. Failure to correct these deficiencies will result in a recommendation for your suspension, demotion, non-reemployment, or dismissal. Delivery Time to Respond: This plan of improvement was delivered in a meeting with Mrs. Teacher on Friday, January 4, 2019. She has until Friday, January 11, 2019, to sign and return a copy of the plan of improvement. Formative Conferences: The initial conference to go over this plan of improvement will be on Friday, January 4, 2019. We will have a review conference on Friday, January 25, 2019. This conference will be used to review and discuss the progress Mrs. Teacher has made towards the provisions listed in this letter of admonishment and plan of improvement. Signatures: ______________________________________________________________________  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Any Principal, Principal, Any Public Schools/Date ______________________________________________________________________  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Any Teacher, Teacher, Any Public School/Date I have read the information outlined in this letter of admonishment and plan of improvement. Although I may not agree with the assessment of my supervisor, I understand that if I do not make improvements in the areas of deficiency and follow the suggestions listed within this letter that I may be recommended for suspension, demotion, non-reemployment, or dismissal.

A Hyphenation Quiz

A Hyphenation Quiz A Hyphenation Quiz A Hyphenation Quiz By Mark Nichol Yes, I hype correct hyphenation, but proper treatment of the little line enables clear communication, so on this site, I repeatedly attach importance to the attachment tool. In the following sentences, excessive or insufficient use of hyphens clouds rather than clarifies. Correct the connective calamities below, then check my answer key at the bottom of the page: 1. â€Å"The program offers student-directed and student-initiated research- and discovery-based learning opportunities.† 2. â€Å"The plan includes accidental death and dismemberment coverage.† 3. â€Å"The businessman-turned-candidate spoke about his religious beliefs.† 4. â€Å"Maybe the country just doesn’t want a my way or the highway Texan in the White House again.† 5. â€Å"Travel to near-space in a 400-foot diameter balloon.† 6. â€Å"He all-but-lectured the lawmakers assembled.† 7. â€Å"The rainbow flag flew at half-staff to honor Elizabeth Taylor, the Hollywood-star-and icon to gays who died in March.† Answers 1. This hyphen-saturated sentence, though technically correct (though to be fair but awkward, the second mention of the word student should be elided), reads better when it is relaxed: â€Å"The program, based on research and discovery, allows students to direct and initiate their own learning opportunities.† â€Å"Student-directed and -initiated† and â€Å"research- and discovery-based† are proper examples of suspensive hyphenation, but the double-suspension string â€Å"student-directed and (student)-initiated research- and discovery-based† is excessive. 2. As written, this sentence implies that the coverage is accidental. But the coverage presumably protects against two possibilities: accidental death, and dismemberment, so the phrase â€Å"accidental death† should be hyphenated to signal that the constituent words combine to modify coverage, and because the insurance also applies to nondeliberate dismemberment, that word should be preceded by a suspended hyphenation. However, because no insurance company hyphenates this phrase in its literature, I’m inclined to request, as in the previous example, at least a relaxed rewrite that obviates hyphenation: â€Å"The plan includes coverage in case of accidental death and dismemberment.† 3. When the verb turned stands between a word describing a former state and one referring to a current state, unlike as is the case with the similarly employed conjunction cum (â€Å"with†), no hyphenation is necessary: â€Å"The businessman turned candidate spoke about his religious beliefs.† 4. The word string defining what kind of Texan the subject is must be corralled into one group, either with quotation marks that imply that the sentiment is literally or figuratively stated, or with multiple hyphens: â€Å"Maybe the country just doesn’t want a my-way-or-the-highway Texan in the White House again.† 5. This sentence manages two hyphenation errors within its ten-word length. Near is often erroneously attached to the following noun; hyphenation is correct only when near and the following word form a phrasal adjective modifying a third term, as in â€Å"near-space tourist travel† (where the open compound â€Å"tourist travel† is an noun phrase). Also, the half-hearted hyphenation that follows implies the existence of an odd item referred to as a diameter balloon; this one apparently has 400 five-toed appendages. The phrase should be revised to correctly reflect that the balloon is 400 feet in diameter: â€Å"Travel to near space in a 400-foot-diameter balloon.† 6. The modifying phrase â€Å"all but† needs not be attached to the verb, nor do the two words in that phrase require connection: â€Å"He all but lectured the lawmakers assembled.† 7. Half-staff, like its synonym half-mast (often erroneously used in nonmaritime contexts), is correctly hyphenated. The hyphenation error occurs later in the sentence, when the writer, confused about how to construct the gloss of Elizabeth Taylor, loses steam near the end. The phrase â€Å"Hollywood star and icon to gays,† however, requires no connective tissue: â€Å"The rainbow flag flew at half-staff to honor Elizabeth Taylor, the Hollywood star and icon to gays who died in March.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect ObjectsAcronym vs. InitialismArtist vs. Artisan

Conference Even Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Conference Even Plan - Essay Example ?s library with the goal to increase reading participation and literacy applying the principles of planning, marketing, sponsorship, human resource management, workplace health and safety, staging, issues for events, logistics, financial control, legal issues, and event evaluation. The event is a fund-raising concert show that will feature teen star Miley Cyrus as guest star with local performers to fill-in majority of the show slot. It shall be called â€Å"Miley Learns to Read.† The concept is to target a massive audience / participation in order to generate more funds. The priority for this event is to invite and convince a major celebrity to perform for free. There are various ways that a performer’s management may consider this: use the event as a donation to the foundation and can be credited as tax-deductible. Other ways to convince a management of the talents include use of the endorsement of local authorities such as the city or town mayor of the said project to generate credibility. After being able to book a major talent or celebrity, the next work to be down is to recruit local performers to perform for free. Same approach as above shall be employed. Once the performers are lined-up, the rest shall follow and much easier to handle. Once performers are confirmed, the venue must be found. An appropriate one will be a closed coliseum or like structure that will withstand weather changes. Unpredictable weather such as rain or storm can adversely affect attendance of audience in an open space such as a stadium or baseball arena. Permits and licenses must also be secured in order to coordinate security and police force within the locality. Sound system, lighting, and other logistical needs should also be addressed. The targeted audience and how to maximize attendance comes next. The organizers must utilize all possible ways to generate the most of income in the said event through proper marketing communication strategies. Likewise, securing the support

Issues involving the assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity Research Paper

Issues involving the assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD - Research Paper Example This stage of assessment is not common in general clinical practice. It requires assessment conducted by Health Professionals trained in Medicine, Psychology, Psychophysiology and Clinical Neuroscience or Nutritional and Environmental medicine. The assessment may include brain function evaluation through neuro-imaging, investigation of diet, nutrition and sensitivities to food. Tests may be conducted to determine the causes of metabolic dysfunctions, recurrent abdominal upsets and chronic ear, nose and throat infections which are probable causes of brain dysfunction and consequently abnormal behaviors and attention deficits (Brown, 2005, p. 21). Rating scales and check lists Rating scales and checklists assist clinicians to obtain information from teachers, parents and others about functioning and symptoms in different settings, which is important for a sufficient assessment for ADHD and monitoring its treatment. The symptoms must be manifested in more than one environment for instan ce in school and at home in order to meet DSM-IV criteria in diagnosing for the condition (Barkley, 2005, p.96). This is only one of many components of a comprehensive evaluation that should include interviews and medical examination. According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the most commonly used scales are: the Child Behavior Checklist completed by the parent, Teacher Report Form (TRF), Barkley Home Situations Questionnaire (HSQ), ADD-H: Comprehensive Teacher Rating Scale (ACTeRS), Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scales and the Barkley School Situations Questionnaire (SSQ). The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), says that ADHD-specific rating scales produce more accurate results when distinguishing between children whether a diagnosis of ADHD was initially conducted or not compared to global rating scales and nonspecific questionnaires that assess a variety of behavioral conditions (Barkley, 2005, p. 103).   Behavioral assessments N ot all inattentive, overly hyperactive, or impulsive persons have an attention deficit disorder. This is because most people will at times unintentionally blurt out things, randomly shift between tasks, or become forgetful and disorganized (Jensen & Cooper, 2002, p. 41). To assess for ADHD, several critical questions are put into consideration. Some of these questions include: are the behaviors long-term, excessive and pervasive? Do they happen more frequently than in other persons the same age? Is it a problem that is continuous or just a reaction to a situation that is temporary? Do the behaviors manifest in different settings or only in a specific place? The behavior pattern of the person is then compared against a set criteria and characteristics of the disorder (Brown, 2005, p.33). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version IV (DSM-IV) manual contains these characteristics and criteria. Disorders with symptoms similar to ADHD One of the difficulties of us ing a questionnaire in diagnosing ADHD is that the condition is often accompanied by other disorders. Quantitative EEG which is an examination of brain function can do a better job in differenting between the disorders that have a lot of behavioral overlaps. The following are several of such disorders. Learning Difficulties: Many ADHD children also have a learning disability (LD). This means