Analysis Of The Six Films - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1657 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/03/19 Category Art Essay Level High school Tags: Film Analysis Essay Did you like this example? Killing Us Softly 4: Advertising’s Image of Women analysis Killing Us Softly 4: Advertising’s Image of Women, produced by Cambridge Documentary Films, Inc. and released in 2010, is written by and stars Jean Kilbourne. In this latest movie in the Killing Us Softly series, Jean Kilbourne focuses on the way women are presented and represented in the advertisement industry, more so in the advertisements that run on different types of media. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis Of The Six Films" essay for you Create order The film takes a critical look at an emerging pattern in gender stereotyping, using images and videos to show how advertising companies help propagate an unrealistic view, and perception, of sexuality, perfection and beauty. Expanding on the central issues covered in this film, objectification stands out as one of the biggest of them all. Jean asserts that advertisements often tell women that the most important thing about them is how they look. This message is then surrounded and forced by images and videos that portray the ideal look, which is more often than not unrealistic and unattainable. The message here boils down to this, a woman is only desirable when they look a certain way, essentially turning them into a thing to be used to sell products. The film also takes a look at how black women, women of color, are perceived and represented in the advertising industry. Essentially, they are not considered beautiful enough if they do not fit into the mould of white idealism; straight hair, lighter skin and perceived caucasian features. On the issue of image, Jean talks about black women getting featured in jungle settings, often wearing â€Å"exotic† clothing as if they were animals. Blacking Up: Hip Hop’s Remix of Race and Identity analysis Blacking Up: Hip Hop’s Remix of Race and Identity, produced and released by Limbic Productions in 2010, is directed by Robert Anderson Clift and stars some of the biggest names in the American Hip Hop culture. The film takes a critical look at racial identity as viewed through the lens of hip-hop music and culture. More specifically, the film focuses on the tensions that arise surrounding white identification in the hip-hop space. Moreover, the film also explores other themes such as exploitation, cultural admiration as well as what hip-hop means to white performers and white fans of rap music who claim the culture to be theirs. In the film, the filmmaker takes us through a series of questions, all of them culmination in asking what makes the black culture so attractive to white rappers. Speaking while wearing blackface, Al Johnson, a white rapper, tries to negate the idea that the perception of black rappers being lowly mem bers of society is wrong. Although the blackface Johnson wears while making his point irritates the black community, one scholar notes that what Johnson is doing is embracing the black facade and in a way trying to fight the racial stereotypes associated with black rappers. Robert Anderson also takes a look at authenticity, in this case, the authenticity of white rappers and how they fit into the hip hop culture. Although several rappers in the film feel that these white rappers are unauthentic as â€Å"they do not come from the culture†, the gnawing need for white rappers to be incorporated into the hip hop domain might prove that they have what it takes to fit in. More Than a Word: Native American- Based Sports Mascot analysis More Than a Word: Native American- Based Sports Mascot is a film produced and directed by John and Kenn Little and released in 2017. The film takes a closer look at the battles that have been fought in and out of courts by Native Americans in a bid to stop the NFL’s use of the word Redskins under any and all circumstances. The argument by the Native Americans is that the name is derogatory and should not have been trademarked as the NFL has done, going even as far as incorporating the word in the names of some teams. The film features pictures and videos combined with interviws from people in the know about the issue and the court battles, including professors, Native Amricans, historians as well as the fans of the washington football team using the word. In the film, the viewer is taken through the historical and dictionary definitions of the word, as well as how each of the groups mentioned above interprets the word. The film then takes a turn by exploring the issue of whether the owners of the football team are racist or if the people fighting for the team not to use the word are in fact themselves racists, hiding behind a word and court rulings, appeals and battles to put others down. In the film, one Native American even asserts that the use of the word is indeed racist and by Native Americans fighting for its abolishment, they are in fact fighting against neo-colonialism and reshaping the way they are viewed and represented. Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People is a film directed by Sut Jhally and produced by Media Education Foundation and was released in 2006. The film takes a look at how Arabs and Muslims are depicted in films and how their image is vilified and manipulated. The movie argues that the slander of Arabs in Hollywood has existed for almost a century and no one has batted an eye or even questioned this status quo. The arguments presented in this film are based on a huge collection of American films, some of them released in the early 1900s. The image of Arabs portrayed in this fil includes that of Arab men, viewed as evil, uncouth, nomadic and violent, and that of Arab women, viewed in the analyzed films as shallow and naive, serving greedy sheikhs. Jack Shaheen, the author of the book that this film is based on, argues that politics play a significant role in how these images are produced and disseminated. He says that politics and Hollywood often feed each other, with politics providing the propaganda that the films then latch on to produce their blockbusters. The blockbusters are then filled with the depictions mentioned above of Arabs. Another interesting point brought up in the film is the association between Muslims, Arabs and terror. The film looks at how Hollywood equates all Muslims to Arabs, all Arabs to evil and terror and then concludes that all Muslims must be evil. The film urges viewers to take a hard look at the messaging that came out after events such as the 9/11 attacks and differentiate between a sma ll group of terrorists and the massive world that is the Arab nation. The Girls in the Band: Female Jazz Musicians analysis The Girls in the Band: Female Jazz Musicians is a 2013 film directed by Judy Chaikin and produced by Artist Tribe and One Step Productions. The film takes a critical look at how female jazz players have been treated, represented and treated in the music industry. Although there are lots of great female jazz players, their treatment has not been the same as that of their male counterparts, as the film producers’ explored and discovered. The film is a story of these female jazz players and includes interviews, stories, challenges and experiences of some of the best women jazz players in those days. The film first takes a look at the unwritten rule that women jazz players could not be hired in the 1940s and 40s. The prejudice extended to the few women who were hired, who were often coached to fit into an acceptable mould set up by males in this male-dominated field. For example, they were told to smile while playing, an impossible feat, what to wear, more often than not pink, short, girly outfits, and how to act as they performed. There was also the feminine jazz look the girls had to look like film stars; slender, tall and light-skinned, an image propagated by the media of the day. In addition to all of the above, most of the women in the film talk about the general lack of role models as they grew up. They argue that this is because of a system that would not let women in, thereby leaving a gaping hole that men could not fill. Screaming Queens: The Riot at Compton’s Cafeteria Screaming Queens: The Riot at Compton’s Cafeteria is a 2005 documentary that was written and directed by Victor Silverman and Susan Stryker. The film explores issues of transgender people most notably those of harassment, using the 1966 riot at the Compton’s Cafeteria. In the film, the background to the riot is that the urban renewal had destroyed low rent apartments. In addition, managers and owners of residences preferred tenants who were respectable, non-transgenders. This forced transgender people to move into the Tenderloin. The Compton cafeteria, located at the corner of Turk and Taylor streets was the one place that transgenders, male hustlers(as they are called in the film) and regulars took a rest. On this night, the owners of the restaurant were annoyed with a group of people making noise at one table and decide to call the police. One of the police officers, who was known to be rough with the Compton clientele, attempts to arrest one of the drag queens, she throws her cup of coffee at him. This becomes the start of the Compton Riot of 1966. The riot grows bigger as all the transgender people unite to fight the police; windows break, chairs are thrown around and when police reinforcements arrive, the riot moves to the streets. The film features interviews from different people who were there on that night, and one thing is clear, all of them feel that the riot was a result of pent up anger and frustration; anger and frustration from marginalization and harassment. The film also takes a look at how a community grew out of the riots.

The Major Categories Of Computer Crimes Essay - 996 Words

-Within this writing assignment I will discuss the four major categories of computer crimes. I will explain the most common forms of digital crime and why cyber terrorism is the greatest threat. I will also discuss the roles of the U.S. government, court systems, and law enforcement agencies in combatting computer crime. First we will define the four major categories of computer crimes. -The technical definition of computer crimes is an act performed by a knowledgeable computer user, sometimes referred to as a hacker that illegally browses or steals a company s or individual s private information (Computer Crime , 2016), but in general terms it is the unauthorized use of a computer for personal gain, as in the illegal transfer of funds or to alter the data or property of others. (Computer Crime. (n.d.) 2016) But because the crimes have change so has the definition There are four major categories of computer crimes: Computer as the Target, Computer as the Instrumentality of the Crime, Computer Is Incidental to Other Crimes, and Crimes Associated with the Prevalence of Computers. -When using the computer as a target, they must do two things: intrusion meaning to gain access to the computer and deny the owner of the computer access to the service and data. Intrusion is when the individual alters the data. To use the computer as a target, the hacker must alter the password and/or login and by doing this he is denying the owner access to the data. If a hacker makes a copy ofShow MoreRelatedThe Four Major Categories Of Computer Crimes Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pagesassignment, I will discuss the four major categories of computer crimes. I will explain the most common forms of digital crime and why cyber terrorism is the greatest threat. I will also discuss the roles of the U.S. government, court systems, and law enforcement agencies in combating computer crime. First, we will define the four major categories of computer crimes. -The technical definition of computer crimes is an act performed by a knowledgeable computer user, sometimes referred to as a hackerRead MoreDigital Evidence and Computer Crime1738 Words   |  7 PagesDigital Evidence and Computer Crime: Forensic Science, Computers, and the Internet is essentially a guide on how to collect and process digital evidence in any situation. In this book, digital evidence is defined as â€Å"any data stored or transmitted using a computer that support or refute a theory of how an offense occurred or that address critical elements of the offense such as intent or alibi† (Casey, 7). Most crimes today have some kind of digital element to them, from the crime itself to the criminal’sRead MoreWhat Is Cyber Crime?1424 Words   |  6 PagesIS CYBER CRIME? Crime is a common word that we always heard in this globalization era. Crimes refer to any violation of law or the commission of an act forbidden by law. Crime and criminality have been associated with man since long time ago. There are different strategies practices by different countries to contend with crime. It is depending on their extent and nature. It can be concluded that a nation with high index of crime cases cannot grow or develop well. This is because crime is the directRead MoreCybercrime Is Defined As A Tool Or A Weapon?1361 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Internet using the computer either as a tool or a targeted victim to commit crimes. Cybercrime is difficult to determine and does not have a clear classification system and uses two dimensions. The computer as a tool and the target consist of the first dimension. The second dimension consists of the crime itself: person, property, and victimless/vice (ebook crime) In the first dimension cybercrime is divided into two categories. The first, being the use of the computer as a tool, making the targetRead MoreEssay about Computer Crimes1116 Words   |  5 PagesComputer Crimes Computer crimes are a major issue in the world today. They are taken place in people’s home, office, and in lots of places. A person should be very cautious about the type of personal information that they enter on there someone else’s computer as well as there own. These things could come back to haunt you in the future. Criminal activity where a computer or network is the source, target, place or tool of a crime is what we call computer crime. Some other terms for computer crimeRead MoreCyber Secuirty and Cyber Crime1643 Words   |  7 PagesCyber Crime and Security Cybercrime or electronic crime generally refers to criminal activity where a computer or network is the source, tool, target, or place of a crime. These categories are not exclusive and many activities can be characterized as falling in one or more category. Additionally, although the terms computer crime and cybercrime are more properly restricted to describing criminal activity in which the computer or network is a necessary part of the crime, these terms are also sometimesRead MoreLegal Challenges In Modern Business : The Fine Line Between Torts And Crimes874 Words   |  4 PagesLine Between Torts and Crimes The First Amendment to the U. S. Constitution—the right of free speech—is the fulcrum of the business function. The foundation of that function is the formal contract, the basis of agreements in any business enterprise, from the initial business license to verbal or written agreements with customers and clients. To appreciate the impact of human exchange on society requires a general overview of the interplay of contracts, torts and crimes as managed in the existingRead MoreCyber Crime : A Crime1116 Words   |  5 PagesCyber crime is described as computer crimes. They could be classified as any form of illegal activity that take place on a computer or even a phone. According to the Department of Justice they classify cyber crime into three categories: crimes in which a computer is the target, another class is when a computer is used as a weapon. The last class is when a computer is used as an accessory, this is when criminals use computers to store data they’ve stolen. The growth of the internet has allowedRead MoreCyberbullying Is A Major Issue1205 Words   |  5 PagesIt can happen to anyone, on your phone, through social media, and once it starts it’s hard to take control and stop it. Cyberbullying has become a major issue. Cyber bullying can be very damaging. It can lead to anxiety, depression, and even suicide. Also, once things are circulated on the Internet, they may never disappear, resurfacing at later times to renew the pain of cyberbullying. Cyberbullying can take many forms such as sending mean messages or threats to a person’s email account or cellRead MoreSecurity Of Computer And Internet Crimes1628 Words   |  7 PagesKeaton Paper #1 Security to Stop Computer and Internet Crimes Introduction The computer and the Internet are important tools used by many people all around the world. Usually the computer and internet are used for information. In today’s society it is being used for unlawful activities. It is being used to distribute child pornography, money laundering, credit card fraud; identify theft, and all other types of crimes. Hackers are people who use their computer skills to harm society. They

Financial Diagrams - 853 Words

Financial diagram In the most recent century, developing and positive working class assumes a vital part in building a superior nation for themselves and for future ages moreover. The personal satisfaction is enhanced because of the venture that working class do in Canadas future gainfulness for each age that takes after. It is imperative for Canada to make brilliant and key venture that will develop Canadas economy. Financial plan 2016 gives quick help to the white collar class of Canada, yet continuous development is additionally essential. By financing in framework right now in the undertakings that are required by Canada and individuals of it-development of working class is secured in future moreover. Meanwhile, to give new†¦show more content†¦The adjustment in atmosphere additionally makes troublesome for groups. From floodways to control networks, Canadian people group require speculation to make Canada protected and strong place to live. Putting resources into framework causes Canada to make better employments and financial development that assistance to assemble groups that Canadian are glad to call home. With noteworthy interest in broad daylight travel, green framework and social foundation, Spending plan 2016 take the benefit of fundamentally low loan costs to restore Canadas foundation and situating Canada better for whats to come. Outline 1 New framework spending Open travel, green framework and social foundation The outline is picked from spending plan 2016: section 2 – Development for White collar Class on 2017-10-10 http://www.budget.gc.ca/2016/docs/design/ch2-en.html The components support business development and advancement With a specific end goal to wind up plainly the worldwide inventive pioneer, Canada needs the imaginative business people and innovative organizations of Canada should catch worldwide market chances to develop their organizations. The clean monetary development will impel by all around associated firms, builds the profitability of Canada and bolster well paying employments. As the legislature is building up its development motivation, spending plan 2016 takes some genuineShow MoreRelatedTypes And Purposes Of Graphic Representations1024 Words   |  5 PagesTypes and purposes of graphic representations 18. What is a graphic representation? A graphic representation is a illustrative diagram that shows interdependencies between variables. 19. List seven different types of graphic representations. Column charts, area charts, pie charts, bar charts, line charts, bubble charts and scatter diagrams 20. Describe when each of these seven graphic representations would best be used. Column charts – to show us how the data may change over time or show us the differenceRead MoreThe Schools Process For Financial Expenditures Not Being Well Aligned With Students Needs1738 Words   |  7 PagesHouston, Texas, is part of the Spring ISD. The school, in 2015, reports enrolling 1,165 students in grades six through eight, and it has 69 teachers on staff. The problem is the school s process for financial expenditures not being well aligned with students needs. By streamlining the process for financial expenditures, it will ensure the expenditures fulfill students needs efficiently and appropriately. The impact the problem is having is that when the lessons are not fully supplemented with theRead MoreSix Sigma Solve High Staff Turnover639 Words   |  3 Pagesannual savings of $300,000 †¢ 15% turnover reduction show them how to use proper interviewing guidelines and screening criteria for all vacancies. †¢ A standardized list of â€Å"cultural fit† questions. Key Tools Used †¢ FMEA †¢ Fishbone Diagram †¢ Process Flow Diagram †¢ CE Matrix †¢ Attribute Gauge RR †¢ Capability Analysis †¢ Binary Logistic Regression †¢ Control Plan The organization also decided to implement job shadowing in the department where there was the highest turnover rate as a case studyRead MoreEssay Review Questions, Chapter 2767 Words   |  4 Pagesoperational feasibility: is the proposal desirable from an operational point of view. technical feasibility: are the necessary resources available to do the project. economic feasibility: what will the project cost, will it be acceptable from a financial point of view. schedule feasibility: is there adequate time to do the work. How do tangible benefits differ from intangible benefits? Tangible Benefit: - It is a benefit to a person or organization which can be felt and touched. It is a real benefitRead MoreToyota s Total Quality Management Process1093 Words   |  5 Pagesthis assessment we will create a current state and new process map for the recommended process improvement; create a cause-and-effect diagram; and identify one main cause as a result of the examination of the cause-and –effect diagram and current state process map. Cause-and-Effect Diagram Cause and effect diagrams or the more commonly used term Fishbone diagrams, are used as a help-aid to visually display potential causes, issues and contributing factors for a specific problem. The utilizationRead MoreSample Systems Analysis and Design Documentation4390 Words   |  18 PagesAssistant – Mid Rise Methods Used in the Study To gather information needed in the system, the group conducted an interview to the Technical Assistant from the Rosewood Pointe office. The group used Data Flow Diagram, Used Case Diagram, Process Flow Diagram, Fish bone Diagram and Database diagram to represent the flow of data and process. The group conducted interviews with the use of questionnaires. Through observation the group analyzes the different problems encountered by the management. ResultsRead MoreCase Study : Samsung Beginnings Of Samsung1695 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom consumers did not help Samsung win any new customers. The lack of response from Samsung was a big mistake made by the company. Samsung did recall the phones but respond to customers the way they wanted or expected. Samsung’s recall did have a financial impact on the company however, due to the diversity of the company it is expected to be a temporary situation. The company’s customer base is also not expected to be impacted. According to Utpal M. Dholakia Samsung has a large, loyal customer baseRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1344 Words   |  6 Pagesstock levels per quarter financial statements of the company are used. Thus helping to know the amount of stock which the retailers are placing in their storage places. It also helps to study the fluctuations seen in working capital of the company. However, there might be some limitations towards acquiring the actual figures of the inventories but an approx. amount will be taken into consideration. Fish bone diagram, also called as a cause and effect diagram or Ishikawa diagram, is used to categorizeRead MoreUnderstand How Organizations Use Business Information1463 Words   |  6 Pageswhere it’s actioned. Flow in a supermarket – Supermarkets like to improve efficiency, efficiency increases sales. The quicker the products are transferred from one source to another more sales will be made. Progress Supermarket – Information Flow Diagram Categories of information Sales: this needs to be monitored based on the product or services offered by your company. This information needs to be passed to ensure that the cost of your good or service is less than the saleRead MoreMat 540 Week 2 Homework - Latest 2015809 Words   |  4 Pagesbuilding to rent, buying and leasing a warehouse, building a strip mall, and building and selling MAT540 Homework Week 2 Page 2 of 3 condominiums. The financial success of these projects depends on interest rate movement in the next 5 years. The various development projects and their 5-year financial return (in $1,000,000s) given that interest rates will decline, remain stable, or increase, are shown in the following payoff table. Place-Plus real estate development firm has

The Theories And Models Of Behavior And Behavior Change

Mirror published a story about a father and husband who totally spied members of his family. [1] He installed an application on their mobile devices which allowed him to control their location, to read their emails, text messages. This application allows him even to listen to their conversations and to see who they are with via camera. While this story makes an impression as being fabricated, it could serve as a basis to deliberate about aspects of human nature. Though the husband’s misdeed is at least controversial from legal and ethical point of view, nevertheless the causative effects of his behaviour is a matter of concern in this paper. I will talk about the human behaviour first, about how it is perceived from a scientific†¦show more content†¦We can find out, that he is a web developer and a technology geek. We can also find that his wife knew about the application and that she witnessed couple of times when the application was used. We cannot specify neither g enetic factors or core faith. We can assume that the story is about typical British family and in this way, we can assume the British culture and social norms are the background of the story. We know very little about real husband’s attitude. He confessed that safety was his concern. But we don’t know whether he is honest and whether this is the whole truth. Therefore, I think that it doesn’t make sense to try and analyse the story in depth, because the story is rather shallow. However, basing on the story we can explore some what-if scenarios, like what if the wife didn’t know about the application, what if the husband lied and his intentions was not so harmless as he explained. The interesting part of the story is that it touches the problem which appeared quite recently. If we take into account permanent character of husband’s espionage, and if we make an assumption that it was done without explicit consent of his wife and his children, then th is story illustrates a problem which has become quite prevalent lately – a stalking. I’m going to explore this problem in more detail and I will try to find its relevance to the story mentioned above. I will also try to identify causativeShow MoreRelatedBehavior Change Theories and Models943 Words   |  4 Pagesimperative to fully understand how behavior can change in an instant. Health education depends on using the proper theories and models. This paper will address the theories and models used in health education, the importance of the theories, as well as real world examples and information from models used in health education. To understand why it is important to use theories, one must first understand the difference between theories and models. While theories are a set of interrelated concepts andRead MoreThe Theory Of Reasoned Action1529 Words   |  7 PagesFollowing this, (2) The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) was developed by both Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen, and it is one of the three classic persuasion models of psychology, and is also used in communication discourse as a theory of understanding persuasive messages. It explains the relationship between attitudes and behaviors with human action. This theory is also used to predict how people will behave based on his/hers pre-existing attitudes and behavioral intentions. The decision to engageRead MoreCase Study : Learning Models With Behavioral And Life Experience Patterns That Disturb Them And Change With Time1363 Words   |  6 PagesMaura’s Case: Learning Models Introduction Various learning models that can be applied in medical psychology and therapy exist. In the recent past, the learning models have been researched and their use in human medicine improved. The most basic form is associative learning where new association with events in the environment is made. The majority of the learning models or theories that exist borrow from Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov in the early twentieth century. Pavlov used dogs in his researchRead MoreBehavior Matrix1397 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Understanding Behavior Theoretical Models for Understanding Behavior Matrix Tara Brigle Grand Canyon University: Classroom Management for Students with Special Needs March 6, 2012 Comparing, Contrasting, Identifying, and Listing Major Components of the Theories |Biological Model |Very important in the medical profession | | Read MoreThe Model Of Behavior Change931 Words   |  4 PagesTranstheoretical Model of behavior change and its application in healthcare settings, and discuss the strength and weakness of the Model. Number of theories and analytical models were described that helps us to understand how people modify their behavior but no one of them accepted universally. The Transtheoretical model (TTM) of change which is also known as the the stages of change model, first described by Prochaska and associates (1983) is widely used theory to explain the behavior change. Unlike otherRead MoreProfessional Application Of The Behavior Modification Model1303 Words   |  6 Pagesprofessional application of the behavior modification model. The theoretical basis for this model is behavioral theory. This model emphasizes the client system, but will shift focus to the mezzo system when needed. The process of behavior modification is outlined in detail in this paper. To end the paper, there will be articles that support this model and prove its effectiveness with individuals. Keywords: behavioral theory, behavior modification, individuals Behavior Modification TheoreticalRead MoreHealth Promotion Model And Mid Range Theory Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesTheories in the Nursing Field The nursing field comprises different theories that are used to govern nursing practice through offering different perspectives and views of phenomena. A theory can be defined as the development of a link between concepts that create a certain view of a phenomenon (Jackson, n.d.). The theories in the nursing field focus on issues that are relevant to enhancing patient care, overall nursing practice, and nursing education. Moreover, these theories are used to defineRead MoreEssay on Transtheoretical Model and Chronic Stress Management1537 Words   |  7 PagesThe behavior I would like to change is the management of chronic stress. Chronic stress is a precursor for most health problems in today’s society. If we look at the start of most health problems, we can likely trace it back to chronic stress. Chronic stress releases levels of cortisol higher than normal. Cortisol is a hormone released from someone with chronic stress, which can which can negatively affect the bodyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s ability to function. Getting sick is another negative factor of being overlyRead MoreThe Model And Stages Of Change Model1264 Words   |  6 PagesThe Transtheoretical Model/Stages of Change Leticia R. Leaks Nebraska Methodist College Abstract This is a review of the Transtheoretical Model/Stages of Change Model developed by J. O. Prochaska and C.C. DiClemente to assess an individual’s readiness to change a behavior. In this paper, we will discuss the history of the theory and its constructs. We will also examine a diabetes study and the impact of TTM in conjunction with Social Cognitive and the Theory of Reasoned Action as applied urbanRead MoreBandura s Theory Of Self Efficacy And Skinners Theory975 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussion of Adult Learning Theory The two theories that will be discussed in this paper are Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy and Skinners theory of operant conditioning. An overview of both theories will be analyzed. Then, both theories will be compared and contrasted. Finally, professional application of these theories will be discussed. Bandura’s Theory Bandura’s social cognitive theory hightlights the role of observational learning, social experience, and reciprocal determinism on learning

My Favorite Place free essay sample

My Favorite Place My Favorite place Is In Sedona, Arizona, and Its called Slide Rock. The park is named after the famous Slide Rock, a stretch of slippery creek bottom adjacent to the homestead. Visitors may slide down a slick natural water chute or wade and sun along the creek. They will have to pay a five dollar parking fee, which is well worth it. They can also camp out at slide rock and look at the beautiful view.On my trip to slide rock, I sat in the bright cherry red Durango with my mom, dad, my sister Amber, and my brothers Brendan, and David for ten tiring hours. My head was pounding from all the music and people talking. Then, as we started going high up in elevation, I looked down the tall rocky mountain that was filled with green tress and cute, tiny little houses. Monitored what It would be like to live on a mountain. We will write a custom essay sample on My Favorite Place or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the same time, I was very anxious to get off the mountain because of the fear I have with heights. Finally, my dad says we are ere, I was very enthusiastic about getting out of the car and being able to go In water. While I was walking down towards the water, I saw about 400 different colors of swimming suits on peoples bodies, shining when the sun hit them. People were having so much fun; I was able to tell by how much they were screaming of excitement. On the shiny red rocks there were girls soaking the sun into their pale white skin. Then, when I looked down in the blue fast moving water, I saw cheerful little kids going down the natural water chute, showing their pearly whites as their arena grabbed their camera.When ever we found a spot to set our stuff down, the first thing I did was Jump off grasshopper point, which is as tall as a 5 story building. It was very exhilarating, but yet very fun. Right when I Jumped into the freezing cold water, I felt Like I was In a pool full of ice, but I still wanted to go again. I did It about 6 times, and, while I was doing It, I heard a lot of clicking sounds and I saw a bright light from the corner of my eye, so I looked at my dad and he was taking pictures with his black limit camera.After I jumped off grasshopper point I went down the natural water chute. The guy made me wait thirty seconds, so that I could give the little girl in front of me time to get out. When the guy finally pushed me, I was full of Joy and excitement, and my checks were red from laughing, and my jaw was sore from all the screaming. While going down the water chute, my butt hit every rock on the bottom, like I was sliding down a rocky mountain. I was hitting the side of the rocks whenever I turned, causing my arm to look like a tomato. It didnt hurt as much as you think it loud because I was having so much fun that pain wasnt going to ruin my day. When the sun was starting to go down, we sat on the red rock to watch the beautiful pink, purple, orange sunset. Then my dad decided that It was time to go, even though none of us wanted to leave because we were having so much fun. We decided to, go anyway because we were so tired and we all needed a shower from playing In the dirty water. Therefore we start driving to a hotel in Sedona because we needed to butt and the pillows were as fluffy as a cotton candy stick.

Schizoid Personality Essay Example For Students

Schizoid Personality Essay Schizophrenia is a mental disease that effects over 1 percent of the population. It can occur at any age but most commonly happens between 16-30. It leaves thepatient confused in a chaotic state of mind with multiple debilitating mentalconfusion. The first of them being delusions, the patient is convinced thatpeople around them can read their minds, and that they can read other peoples(British Journal of Psychology, 625). The patient then begins to believe thatthe people around them are plotting against them and are out to get them. Notonly does the disease effect the patient mentally though, but also it starts toeffect their physical sensations. The patients cant interpret incomingsensations and cant control their physical emotions, this effects the patientscommon sense of what to do in every day situations. For example when a personwith normal mental health receives a gift their natural reaction would be tothank the person who gave it to them. A schizophrenic person would becomeconfused and be unable to react and cope with the situation. The patient beginsto ge t an altered sense of themselves and have an extremely hard timefunctioning in every day life. They start to believe they can control otherpeoples thoughts. They usually start to become violent because they get soconfused with the thoughts of plots against them they believe they are defendingthemselves. A person who is diagnosed with a schizoid personality is basicallyon the way to having schizophrenia. It is considered a stage to the disease. Thecauses of each of the diseases are the same, and most of them are physicalabnormalities of the brain. In over hundreds of studies on schizophrenia andsimilar mental conditions doctors have found some similar abnormalities in thebrains of the patients. The first being enlarged ventricles in the brain(British Journal of Psychology, 697). The second being a reduced volume of graymatter in the brain, mainly in the temporal and frontal lobes (British Journalof Psychology, 110). The third is an enlarged amygdala and an increased numberof white ma tter hypertesites (British Journal of Psychology, 260). Finally a setof neuropsychological abnorms such as cognitive functions, informationprocessing, and verbal memory (Fourth Generation of Progress, 1245). In someother studies doctors have found a reduced prefrontal area. A doctor will notdiagnose a person with schizoid personality or schizophrenia based off physicalabnormalities though. The patient must experience a loss of reality, and thatloss must maintain for at least six months. Doctors also have to rule out druguse, which can produce similar behavior as schizophrenia. Doctors must also ruleout depression, delusional disorders, and paranoid personality disorder. Thedoctor must observe that the person is socially distant too. The doctor can lookat a number of symptoms of schizoid personality. The first being emotionalcoldness, the patient will not desire nor enjoy close relationships includingbeing part of a family. The patient will almost always choose solitaryactivities. Th e patient will have no desire for sexual experiences. The patientwill take place in few if any activities. The patient lacks friends other thanfirst-degree relatives and finally the patient will be indifferent to praise orcriticism (www.mentalhealth.com). In the treating of schizoid personalitymedicine is not an option. Medications almost always dont work. There are threedifferent therapies that generally work the best. Psychosocial therapy which isfor less sever cases of the disease. This is considered sort of an outpatientprogram. The physician appreciates the privacy and maintains a low-key approachtoward the patient. The doctor becomes involved in the patients life, but notas far as to push comfortable limits. The patient is encouraged to go on witheveryday life and learns to adapt back to society (www.mentalhealth.com). Thenext treatment most commonly used is individual therapy. This is usually along-term therapy in which the doctor becomes very involved with the patientslife. This therapy involves a long gradual development of trust. The patient isprovided with a sense of optimism, but the doctor is careful not to overwhelmthe patient. The most successful therapy involves interaction that is constantand supportive, and yet allows the patient to set a distance of comfortability. .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca , .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca .postImageUrl , .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca , .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca:hover , .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca:visited , .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca:active { border:0!important; } .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca:active , .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub0c5323196d141f1f48d6206a96c3aca:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gogol's The Overcoat: A Whisper of Changey Essay After a period of time the patient will begin to reveal their fears, imaginaryfriends, and other attributes of the disease on the way to recovery (HarvardMedical Letter, Oct.1997). Finally group therapy is used to help the disease. This is generally for sever cases, people who have completely detachedthemselves

MSW Qualifying Human Rights and Social Work

Question: Discuss about theMSW Qualifyingfor Human Rights and Social Work. Answer: Impact of Australian Social Policy of Indefinite Mandatory Detention on the Shape and Practice of Social Work The Australian social policy of indefinite mandatory detention in the presence of convincing evidence on the harmful effect as enshrined in the Migration Act 1958 is an example of a policy that directly impacts and shapes the social work practice according to the research done by Robinson (2013). Under this policy, tens of thousands of unlawful citizens have been detained. The unlawful citizens are those who are not legal residents of Australia without a visa. The time limit of detention is not definite, and this has led to the rise in the number of mental illness cases amongst the detainees. The refugees are the most recorded people with mental problems which are as a result of the suffering, violence and persecuting they undergo. For instance, the research conducted by The Immigration Department (2016) showed that 1753 people were in the Australian on shore detention camps in 2016 for more than a year (Select Committee, 2015). Such a policy directly impacts on social work practice, the work of social service among other is to improve on the situations of the clients and enable them to access their rights as refugees or asylums. This brings the social worker into logger's heads with the Australian law enforcers because the workers are considered as being illegally conducting their work. The social workers are led and guided by the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW) Code of Ethics AASW (2010) which requires that the dignity and respect of every person are respected, respect of their human rights, provision of duty of care services and well-being among others. With the existing contradicting Australian policy on the mandatory detention of non-citizens directly contravenes the work of social workers. Therefore, the policy does not only impact on the social work practice but shapes it because now the social workers will have to work against the code of ethics which they once swore their allegiance to. The Development of Human Rights and Social Justice from the Perspective of Social Work Practice The current world today enjoys a safe and prosperous life partly due to the campaign for the freedom of democracy and respect for the supremacy of the law and human dignity. However, the implementation of these values is mainly done by the social work practice though faced with numerous challenges. The core of social work is to uphold and protect the society regarding social justice and human rights (Dolgoff and Feldstein, 2012). The two typical examples of how the development of human rights impact on the social work practice is the integration of human rights curricula into the social work and the use of human rights as a framework for lobbying social work. The introduction of the modules or units of human rights into the curriculum of social work as a mandatory course has led to the experience of better understanding of social work and its deeper internalization. The human rights units have been introduced all over the learning period because the social work learners are expected to be working with vulnerable groups. Thus they should thoroughly understand the human rights to identify their violation. The social work students are further supposed to practice the theories learned in class through internships, training and seminars (Grant and Kinman, 2012). Secondly, it is an expectation of the social workers to stand up for others more so when their fundamental rights are under attack. Therefore, the know how to use human rights as a framework for lobbying social work is critical to the social work learner so that he/she may know how to study situations and detect cases of injustice and the best way to respond. The use of human rights as a framework for politicizing social work practice enables the learner to understand power structures that are significant to the social work practice. Furthermore, the existing relationship between the power structures and their impact on injustice and inhumanity, and the role of social work in reversing is it is well considered. Essence of Empowerment in Case Work and Community Work The concept of empowerment in the community is very beneficial both to casework and to the community at large in several ways. Hepworth et al. (2016) asserts that an empowered community makes the people have the freedom to act within the society and creates a sense of responsibility. Through the involvement in the community work, they rediscover their individual and common potential and thus enhance personal esteem. The concept of community empowerment can initiate programs at an individual level, whose influence can be felt nationally or internationally. For instance, an accident victim can gather people such as close or distant relatives, friends or strangers with the aim of sensitizing people on the measures of road safety. Community organizations if empowered can provide solutions to many social problems because they have the strength to mobilize the people and resources (DuBois and Miley, 2013). Empowerment is useful both in case work and community work because the emancipation of the leaders of the community organizations implies improved and better services to the community which boosts the production capacity of the community (Kirst-Ashman, 2015). Furthermore, people that are empowered can influence the course and implementation of community projects through their involvement. The effect of empowerment begins from an individual level to community level thus leading to the achievement of powers that positively impact the economic political and societal aspects of the community. Development of effective social work practice with refugees and former asylum seekers Refugees and asylum seekers have suffered and continue to undergo adversity. Their needs are usually complicated and therefore warrant the attention of a wide range of social work services (Hadgkiss and Renzaho, 2014). However, irrespective of the challenges faced, social workers can implement some practices which will improve the condition of their lives. The first useful practice as per Ruch et al. (2011) is to create a framework which is based on human rights to ensure that the refugees and asylum seekers are dealt with by respect, equality, and dignity. In order to achieve this, the first step should be an effort to win the commitment of humanitarian organizations and relevant government departments to promoting the well-being of the asylum seeker and refugees. Furthermore, a needs assessment framework should be carried out, and a local strategy is created to enable the local authorities to initiate and come up with strategies for offering services to the asylum seekers and refug ees. Secondly, the community organizations and refugees and asylum seekers can be involved in the plan and development of the service delivery so as to improve service provision Kirmayer et al. (2011) The local organization of the refugees and community should be natured because they are a valuable resource in inclusion and the design and delivery of services. Thirdly, Saleebey (2012) suggests that the development of the workforce of social workers through training, seminars, etc. are significant in ensuring that employees possess the expected expertise in dealing with refugees and asylum seekers. This can be accomplished by initiating local authorities and professional teams. Also, supervision should be done to social workers and other related practitioners to ensure a continuous delivery of up to standard services and rectification of any issues that may arise. Lastly, there should be established an eligibility criterion to be adopted by the local authorities in assessing persons in nee d of any social work services (Dolgoff and Feldstein, 2012). For instance, if the asylum seekers are not entitled to the social work services then the laws on human rights should be used in the assessment to determine if it would be a violation of their human rights to deny them the social work services. Challenges Faced By Social Workers in Mainstream Agencies While Working With the Indigenous Australians The challenges of social work with the indigenous Australians are commonly based on the cultural variance of the social workers with the Aboriginals (Ife, 2012). The cultural misunderstanding between the aboriginals and the social workers is understood as the consequence of down looking upon the beliefs and practices held by the Indigenous Australians. This is due to the legacy of colonization of the aboriginals of the western world which was characterized by poverty, high mortality to avoidable diseases, land acquisition, unemployment, violence, etc. When working with the aboriginal community, the social workers are expected to respect the elders and appreciate their significance to the community without which they cant gain access to offer their services to the community. In most cases, the demands of the elders go against the laid down codes of ethics for the social worker. The other challenge faced by the social worker with the aboriginal community is their respect for the land a nd spiritual aspects and cultural protocols which are associated with who is allowed to communicate to the generations and relatives, such protocols are a challenge to the social work for they hinder the successful provision of services in many ways. Walter, Taylor, and Habibis (2011) assert that generally, the principles and values of the western people where social work practice originates are different from the indigenous Australians. The perspectives of development and skills acquisition by the indigenous population are very different from those of the western nations. Furthermore, the understanding of values on parenting and treatment of older people is very different between the westerners and the aboriginal people. Therefore, it becomes a challenge for the social worker whose training is inclined towards the western ideology to integrate the two schools of thoughts but still work under the code of ethics. Based on the research done by Bennett, Zubrzycki, and Bacon, (2011). The social workers who worked with the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander had critical identity issues. The practitioners in the study claimed that they felt limited by the agencies in the manner in which they worked out with the communitie s. References AASW (2010). Code of Ethics. p. 12. Retrieved from:https://www.aasw.asn.au/document/item/1201 Bennett, B., Zubrzycki, J., Bacon, V. (2011). What do we know? The experiences of social workers working alongside Aboriginal people.Australian social work,64(1), 20-37. Dolgoff, R., Feldstein, D. (2012).Understanding social welfare: A search for social justice. New Jersey: Pearson Higher Ed. Dolgoff, R., Feldstein, D. (2012).Understanding social welfare: A search for social justice. New Jersey: Pearson Higher Ed. DuBois, B. L., Miley, K. K. (2013).Social work: An empowering profession. New Jersey:Pearson Higher Ed. Grant, L., Kinman, G. (2012). Enhancing wellbeing in social work students: Building resilience in the next generation.Social Work Education,31(5), 605-621. Hadgkiss, E. J., Renzaho, A. M. (2014). The physical health status, service utilisation and barriers to accessing care for asylum seekers residing in the community: a systematic review of the literature.Australian Health Review,38(2), 142-159. Hepworth, D. H., Rooney, R. H., Rooney, G. D., Strom-Gottfried, K. (2016).Empowerment Series: Direct Social Work Practice: Theory and Skills. Nelson Education. Ife, J. (2012).Human rights and social work: Towards rights-based practice. England: Cambridge University Press. Kirmayer, L. J., Narasiah, L., Munoz, M., Rashid, M., Ryder, A. G., Guzder, J. Pottie, (2011). Common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees: general approach in primary care.Canadian Medical Association Journal,183(12), E959-E967. Kirst-Ashman, K. K. (2015).Empowerment Series: Introduction to Social Work Social Welfare: Critical Thinking Perspectives. Canada: Nelson Education. Ruch, G., Volz, F. R., Orme, J., Hill, A., Ward, D., Skinner, K., Morago, P. (2011).Social work education and training. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Saleebey, D. (2012).The strengths perspective in social work practice. New Jersey: Pearson Higher Ed. Select Committee on the Recent Allegations relating to Conditions and Circumstances at the Regional Processing Centre in Nauru. (2015). Taking responsibility: conditions and circumstances at Australia's Regional Processing Centre in Nauru. P 5.16. The Immigration Departments detention statistics (2016). Retrieved from: https://www.border.gov.au/ReportsandPublications/Documents/statistics/immigration-detention-statistics-29-feb-2016.pdf Walter, M., Taylor, S., Habibis, D. (2011). How white is social work in Australia?Australian Social Work,64(1), 6-19.

Shark Cage Diving free essay sample

Hello ladies and gentlemen and welcome to our speech on the dangers of Shark Cage Diving. This is our second time public speaking, so bare with us. My name is Emily and I find that this is an extremely interesting subject. I find this an Interest subject since many people tend to underestimate the experience, people will see It as though, humans are the only ones getting hurt, but really, sharks are Injured and killed due to this sport. The amounts of sharks which die has risen since Shark Cage Delving was introduced.Yes, this would be a remarkable experience to take place In, but would you really like to get Into a cage, knowing there Is a risk that you could die? This Is Mayday *Gesture to Mayday* she Is our mall speaker today; who will be explaining about Shark Cage Diving. Since Mayday used to live In Africa for 11 and half years, she has only Just moved here 6 months ago, so I bet youll definitely be Interested during her speech Mayday has first-hand experience with this matter. We will write a custom essay sample on Shark Cage Diving or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mayday may not of Shark Cage Dived before, but she has witnessed people and sharks Ewing killed due to this. Many people think that it is humans dying, but in fact it is also sharks. Mayday will be explaining to you in this speech that it is a danger to everyone who participates. I hope you will find the topic of the speech interesting, since I sure do! This Is Sonic. *gesture to Sonic* Sonic is the Proposes of the vote of thanks, Sonic will be speaking last, hopefully getting you to show your appreciation towards Madams speech.Sonic and I may not of been able to have first-hand experience with this tater, but yet we find sea life documentaries quite a fantastic thing. You see in sea life documentaries, you can see sharks in their natural habitat, not being disturbed. Yet f there was a documentary published on to the tells about shark cage diving, youd see sharks in their natural habitat, being bothered by humans who want a glimpse of the majestic shark! Now, I shall hand you over to our main speaker Mayday, otherwise Ill keep rambling on I guess you dont want to be here all night.

Scouting The Braves free essay sample

The Atlanta fans ignite with sports chants such as lets go Hayward and lets go braves. As the game starts saw the coaches giving the players signs using sign language to tell them to bunt, or even to take a pitch. There are many different assets that mold the baseball culture together which include chants, sign language, sports talk, the sounds of the game, the smells of the ballpark and many different rituals that are particular to baseball, which have witnessed in person. There were forty three thousand fans that showed up and all had on some type of shirt supporting their team.Many fans had on jerseys of their favorite player, while others wore a shirt the color of their team. While the fans dressed to support their team, the players put on their jerseys in which they all wear a hat, a shirt with their team name on it, pants, belt, and baseball cleats. We will write a custom essay sample on Scouting The Braves or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The only difference separating the two teams is the colors of their team and their name. Every player in the field has a baseball glove and the players batting carry a bat. All the fans are chanting for the home team, the Atlanta Braves and mostly all of the fans are doing the chop with foam tomahawk chops they gave out before the game. Every time someone gets a hit for the home team the fans start clapping, cheering and shouting in joy for their team. The opposite happens when something good happens to the Atlanta Braves opponent, the Braves fans start booing. This is because the fans care about their team and want their team to win, so when something good happens to the other team, which is the Dodgers, the Braves fans arent happy. Although the Dodgers have a few fans too, which theyre pulling for their team and hoping for something good to happen for their team.Baseball is an intense game especially when it comes to the postseason and both the players and the fans are emotionally attached to their team. Just like any other sport, the team you grow up near or what is to be the team representing your home State is the team youre mostly attached to and the team you pull for. It was a beautiful night for baseball as the fans were snapping pictures, the smell of the ballpark food and the amazingly fresh cut grass of t he baseball amend. Before the game many people caught pictures with some of the players they loved to watch play the game of baseball.Also throughout the game the fans were taking pictures just to catch the beautiful scenery the night brought. While watching the game my dad and I would talk baseball, which many others wouldnt understand if you werent familiar with baseball. My dad and I were talking about how and where to pitch a player up at bat by saying, he needs to throw him a slider here low and outside or give him the high cheese. These are certain pitches related to an off speed pitch and a high fastball.Walking around the ballpark before the game you could smell the best smell in the world, ballpark food. Fans were lined up at the concession stands waiting to feast on whatever food they wanted during the game such as hotdogs, nachos and most baseball favorites sunflower seeds. Even the players would chew on sunflower seeds during the game while theyre playing. The keys to the baseball culture and what makes baseball includes the smell of fresh hotdogs, the sounds of the crack of the bat and he view of a beautiful baseball diamond.I sat in the stands along with all the other forty three thousand fans pulling for the Atlanta Braves. Was in the stands supporting my team to victory and I too was also doing the Tomahawk Chop, which the Atlanta Braves are known for. I talked with a few fans around me, just chatting about the game of baseball and exchanged thoughts about the game. Also, every time the Braves did something good would exchange high fives with the fans around me. Was a one of many fans that came out to support the Atlanta Braves, in which the fans are a big factor in helping a team win. The fans act the way they do because they have grown to love their team. The fans where their teams jerseys and colors to represent their love for that team. With the fans doing the Tomahawk Chop, this is their way Of showing the Braves rituals, as every team has their own. With the players using sign language lets only the team giving them understand what is suppose to happen, so they wont give away what they are calling. All assets of the game are crucial in winning a baseball game and having a great atmosphere.The smell of fresh cooked burgers, the sound of hard hit ball, the chanting and the different traditions are the heart and soul of baseball, which I had seen firsthand at the Atlanta Braves baseball game. It was a sight to see as Atlanta took the game in a four to three victory over the Dodgers. The fans stood by their seats and cheered so proudly for their team as they walked off the field with a win. There was nothing better than seeing a culture come together in supporting their team by using ritual chants as in the Tomahawk Chop and just witnessing the beautiful game of baseball.

Impact of corporate governance on the financial pe Essays - Economy

Impact of corporate governance on the financial pe Essays - Economy Impact of corporate governance on the financial performance of Nepalese Enterprises Lilesh Kumar Yadav, LumanaTamrakar, Manika Shrestha and NamrataPandit Abstract This paper empirically examines the relationship between corporate governance and performance of Nepalese enterprises. The performance variables used in this study are return on assets and return on equity and these are the dependent variables. The corporate governance variables such as board size, audit committee, board diversity, ownership structure and control variable such as leverage and firm size are the independent variables. The population of this study consists of financial and non- financial companies listed in Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE). Total number of 27 financial and non- financial companies listed in Nepal stock exchange for a period of five years from 2011-2015 are used as the sample size. Data are collected from annual report of the respective firms. The pooled cross sectional data analysis has been carried out in this study. The multiple regression models are applied to test the significance and important of corporate governance in the Nepalese firms. The study reveals that board size, leverage and firm size are positively related to return on assets of non- financial firms. This indicates that large the board, leverage and firm size, higher would be the return on assets. The results also show that there is negative relationship of return on assets with audit committee and board diversity. This indicates that higher the audit committee and board diversity, lower would be the return on assets. There is a positive relationship of return on equity with board size, leverage, firm size, and audit committee and board diversity. In the case of financial firms, the study reveals that there is a positive relationship of return on assets with audit committee and firm size. This indicates that higher the board size, leverage and firm size, higher would be the return on assets. The regression result shows that the board size, leverage and firm has positive impact on return on assets in the case of non-financial firms. Similarly, in the case o f financial firm, there is a positive impact of ownership structure, audit committee and firm size on return on assets whereas the coefficients are negative for board size, board diversity and leverage. Keywords: return on assets, return on equity, board size, ownership structure, audit committee, board diversity, leverage and firm size. 1. Introduction Corporate governance is the system by which companies are directed and controlled. It is also argued that the corporate governance is the framework by which the interest of various stakeholders is balanced. It shows a set of relationship between a company's management, its board, its shareholder and other stakeholder. Corporate governance provide the mechanism by which the problems of corporation stakeholders, which include the shareholders, creditors, management, employee, consumers and the public at large are framed and resolved. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) also defines corporate governance as the system by which business corporations are directed and controlled. The Asian Development Bank defined the concept as the manner in which authority is exercised in the management of a country's social and economic resources for development (Eng Mak, 2003); corporate governance has become a topical issue because of its immense contribution to the econom ic growth and development of nation. The absence of good corporate governance is a major cause of failure of many well performing companies. Existing literature generally support the position that good corporate governance has a positive impact on organization performance (OECD, 2009). Effective corporate governance has been identified to be critical to all economic transactions especially in emerging and transition economies (Dharwardkar et al., 2000). The concept of corporate governance has been increasing public interest in recent years due to its plausible importance on the economic health of corporation in general. Good corporate governance practice provides a means to recognize the dreams of justifying risks and optimizing performance concurrently in today's aggressive and regulatory setting. Corporate governance lays down objective framework for creating long term trust between company and its stakeholders. It is solved by rationalizing and monitoring risks of a company, limiting liability of top management by carefully articulating decision making process, ensuring integrity of financial reports, and finally providing a degree of confidence necessary for proper functioning of an

bzyt archtecture essays

bzyt archtecture essays The greatest of medieval civilizations was the Eastern Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was divided in 395. The Western half, ruled from Rome, was ruled by the barbarians in the 5th century. The Eastern half, known as the Byzantine Empire, lasted for more than over 1,000 years. The Byzantine Empire was one of the leading civilizations in the world. Is a mixed style composed of Graeco-Roman and Oriental elements which, The form of the church used most in the west, a the long rectangular part of the cathedral with the alter in it is supported on columns and an atrium appears in many examples of the fifth century in Byzantine. In the West this style of building occasionally presents similarities which are thought by some authorities to be of Oriental origin galleries over the side aisles, spirally channelled columns, and imposts between capitals and arches. Vaulted basilicas were made at a early date in Constantinople. The domical style, with barrel-vaulted side aisles and transepts is a favourite with the Byzantines. Many of the oldest basilicas in Asia Minor, as well as the Church of St. Irene, Constantinople, carried one or more domes. This type leads to the structure in a centralized circular, octagonal, or cross shaped plan. In ancient Roman times tombs and baths had this sort of plan. These types of buildings cannot be s een as only Byzantium, because the Romans and Oriental also used these kinds of plans. Even in Italy, the churches there were strongly influenced bu the many influences from the west and particularly from the Byzantine. In the church of St. Sophia, built by Justinian, all the principal forms of the early Christian churches are represented. A rotunda is enclosed in a square, and covered with a dome which is supported in the direction of the long axis of the building by half-domes over semicircular rounded ends of the building. In this manner a basilica, 236 feet long and 98 feet wide, and provided with domes, i...

Decrease in Supply of Dalda Ghee Essay Example

Decrease in Supply of Dalda Ghee Essay Example Decrease in Supply of Dalda Ghee Paper Decrease in Supply of Dalda Ghee Paper OLPER`S MILK EXPIRES BEFORE EXPIRY DATE PREPARED FOR THE REGIONAL MANAGER,ENGRO FOODS, COL. AKHTAR KHALILI PREPARED BY ASST. QUALITY CONTROL MANAGER DECEMBER 29, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 03 INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 04 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 04 FACTS AND FINDINGS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 05 1. Testing Expired Milk Before Expiry Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 05 2. Survey Of Plant In Sukkur†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦O6 3. Chain Of Distributors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦07 DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦08 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:- This report comprises of the cause of decline in the sale of Olper`s Milk as many complaints were received quoting that milk was expired before the expiry date. This report analyses the causes and recommend certain solutions that Engro Foods should take to correct this situation. The report also clarifies that Olper`s Milk is 100% full of nutrition and have no harmful chemicals or bacteria which could cause diseases. INTRODUCTION:- Engro foods launched its most famous product Olper`s milk in the year 2006. Since then this product is highly demanded all over Pakistan. Recently many complaints have been made from our most valuable customers that milk was expired before the expiry date. This report comprises of facts and findings about this cause of failure of Olper`s milk due to which our bar of good will is decreasing. After study of this report you will be able to answer the following questions: * Who was responsible was this failure of Olper`s milk? * What are the reasons behind this problem? What initiative should be taken to solve this problem? CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS:- After completing all my research work and findings on this problem I came to a conclusion that the distributors of Olper`s milk were at fault, they played with our trust and good will. They removed the original expiry date form the tetra pack container of Olpers milk and printed a new expiry date just to avoid the consequences of over stocking of inventory. Olper`s milk is full of nutrition than any other tetra pack milk. It consists of some good nutritional fats that give it a rich flavor and taste. According to my survey of plant and dairy farm no harmful chemical of bleaching agent is added in our milk it’s pure and healthy. Following are the recommendations I conclude on the basis of my finding: * Engro foods should immediately break its contract with JAVED BROS. chain of distributors as they misused our product for their benefit and directly blamed our brand for providing expired milk. * Promotional deals should be launched for Olper`s milk for increasing its demand. * New advertisements should be on aired to promoting Olper`s milk and for gaining back the trust of our customers * JAVED BROS. hould be sued and compensation should be demanded. FACTS AND FINDINGS:- For finding the real causes behind our customers complains I made certain surveys and researches to come to a conclusion. The research findings presented here falls in to four categories: 1. Testing Expired Milk Before Expiry Date 2. Survey Of Plant In Sukkur 3. Chain Of Distributors 1) TESTING OF EXPIRED MIL K BEFORE EXPIRY DATE:- I started my work by testing the expired milk before expiry date to know about the actual damage of the milk. The results showed that milk was actually expired and had been curdled and a bit smelly. The expired milk contained a few percentage of urea in it which revealed that it was harmful and expired. Due to this reason our sales declined by a heavy margin in last month as compared to our competitors: Size (ml)|   |   | PERCENTAGE OF SALES IN NOVEMBER 2012|   |   |   | OLPER`S| HALEEB| MILKPACK | MILLAC| NIDO| 1000| 46| 45| 70| 45| 39| 500| 50| 65| 85| 57| 49| 250| 13| 12| 19| 10| 20| This rapid decrease of sales came with no of complaints as well and I compared the complaints of last three months and found out that that in November complaints were increased by 90%. ) SURVEY OF SUKKUR PLANT:- After testing the expired milk I visited our milk processing plant in Sukkur and there I came to know that Olper`s milk is being processed in the correct way and no harmful chemicals are being added in it to make the expiry process earlier. The nutritional values of our milk are in accordance with those suggest by World`s Health Organization Here we can also see that expired mil k did not contain any amount of iron in it as it was turned in to urea after expiring. 3) CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTORS:- My final survey was of the chain of distributors we use to distribute our roduct in market we recently changed our distributors an 2012 and had signed a deal with JAVED BROS. chain of distributors. I disguised myself as a new trainee over there and spend a week analyzing the situation over there. I came to know that from past few months they are having a problem of overstocking of Olper`s Milk and as it’s a perishable good it has to be used otherwise the distributor will face loss | | | | (Packets )| | S. No| Month| Order| Demand| 1| September| 30000| 28000| 2| October| 31000| 22810| 2| November| 37000| 29000| The above chat is the ending inventory chart of distributors of Olper`s Milk. This shows that the Distributors are at fault and for their own profit are selling the expired milk by changing its expiry date. 3) DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS:- Olper`s Milk is the sign of good taste. Never in past six years such problem has occurred as Engro Foods works with honesty and show complete dedication towards their work. They have even created employment for women in their Sukkur plant and also give employment to women in Punjab to collect milk form dairy farms and deposit in Olper containers. The Facts and Findings of my research also mention the fact that Engro Foods were not at fault. Distributors played a deadly game with us and tried to destroy our good will just off the sake of their own profit. * UHT OLPERS MILK:- Olper`s Milk can never get expired before its expiry date as Engro foods uses UHT(ultra heat treatment)method to pasteurize the milk for 3-4 seconds under 275?. It uses a special new technology LACTOSTAR from China to make sure milk is 100% suitable for health.

The effect of insecurity on economic growth in Mexico Research Paper

The effect of insecurity on economic growth in Mexico - Research Paper Example This reduces the GDP of the country since employees are less productive when they are under stress and trauma when they are in their working stations. Violence and insecurity in Mexico is a cause of a number of mental illnesses among the citizens of Mexico. This reduces the productivity of the Mexican population and since mentally ill people who would offer personnel are under strain. The cost of insecurity in Mexico turns detrimental with the effect it has on the levels of sales. Business hours are short in societies where there is high insecurity. The Mexican business sector thrives under strenuous conditions with intense insecurity in the country. This reduces the level of sales and profits and, consequently, the GDP. According to the World Bank Group, 2011, heightened insecurity in Mexico, there is a most likely high expenditure in internal security. The high expenditure on the internal security reduces the level of investments that the country has on infrastructure and developme nt projects. Investment in human capital equally reduces with increased expenditure on security in Mexico. The cost of health care in Mexico increases with intense insecurity situations. The cost of policing is most likely to increase with high instances of insecurity in Mexico. All these costs have detrimental effects on the economy of Mexico. ... According to Rodgers, Beall and Kanbur, 2012, the violence-insecurity nexus poses detrimental effects to the local economy of most Latin American societies, Mexico included. Crime in cities of Latin American countries is among the greatest challenges to growth of businesses. The investment confidence of most investors in Latin American societies is low because of the high level of insecurity. Domestic investors in Mexico are reluctant to take risks involved in putting up businesses. Foreign firms are cautious to put up investment in insecure societies because of the high potential impacts of insecurity. Losses to business from the high incidences of burglary in Mexico are among the most detrimental challenges to investors. The cost of paying internal security officials to protect the Mexican society from violence continues affect the economy. The cost of compensation by insurance firms is high because of spreading incidences of robbery and burglary to businesses in Mexico. The net ef fect of insecurity to the Mexican economy is the loss of the potential revenues that accrue from domestic and foreign investments in the country. Sohnen, 2012, addresses the detrimental consequences that the high rate of crime, violence and insecurity has in Mexico and most of Central American society’s economic prosperity. The consequence of insecurity on the health of Mexicans is high and has related effect on the cost of health care expenditure. According to Sohnen, cooperation among different institutions in Mexico is under great challenge from the escalating insecurity conditions. Insecurity in the country compromises the efficiency of different government institutions to coordinate and promote economic growth in the country. The economy, therefore, experiences retardation

Epidemiology According to John Snow and William Farr Research Paper

Epidemiology According to John Snow and William Farr - Research Paper Example When the second cholera pandemic broke out and reached London in 1832, a number of theories on the causation of such catastrophic spate were proposed, including miasma or â€Å"bad air† and changes in environmental conditions (Morabia, 2001, 150th Anniversary, 2004). However, John Snow, who was a respected medical practitioner specializing in anesthesia and respiratory physiology, questioned the correctness of those theories. He observed that the symptoms were intestinal in nature, abdominal pain is one of the first complaints of the afflicted, accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration (Eyler, 2001). At the same time, treatments that acted specifically in the digestive tract seemed to alleviate early symptoms. From these observations, he proposed that cholera could not be a blood or respiratory infection but an infection of the gut. Snow proposed that the main proponent of transmission was not the soil, nor climate change or miasma as originally suggested, but the ing estion of water contaminated with fecal matter. But this did not convince the medical community. Without definitive data, Snow’s analogy was not good enough. In 1854, another wave of cholera plagued the Soho district yet again. This time, Snow suspected that an infected water pump located in Broad Street brought upon the outbreak. Following his earlier proposal that the cholera infection was from the ingestion of contaminated water and bearing a record of death from Cholera from the General Register Office, he traced the deaths attributed to cholera within the vicinity and found that they drank water from a common water pump in Broad Street. Snow elucidated this by plotting a Cholera spot map showing the areas collectively affected by the epidemic, as well as its proximity to the specific pump in question.  

Character Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Character Analysis Paper - Essay Example in Single 149). Williams suffers enormous guilt for surviving the familial worries that eventually devastated Rose. Similar to Menagerie’s Tom, Williams also pays remorse for his escape from his family (Single 149). This essay analyzes the character of the matriarch, Amanda Wingfield. Amanda is a selfish, hero mother, with romantic-pragmatic ideas and who created a dysfunctional family by treating her children like a glass menagerie through vanity, arrogance, and control over her family’s life. Amanda is a hopeless romantic. She has been hurt deeply when her husband left through an inconsiderate postcard, and yet she sees her former husband as the personification of romance, connecting him to her earlier life filled with gentleman callers and flirtations (Tischler and Bloom; King and Bloom 85). This is why even if her husband abandoned her, a large picture of him hung in the house. His presence might remind everyone else of his abandonment, but for Amanda, she continues to remember her sweet, youthful, and happy days through this image. Furthermore, she is also ready to leverage and defend her earlier life (Cobbe 50). It is a life of comfort and education she overemphasizes with her children. Whenever Amanda wants to talk about Blue Mountain, a discussion occurs between Tom and Laura: TOM: I know what's coming LAURA: Yes. But let her tell it. TOM: Again? LAURA: She loves to tell it. (Williams scene 1). Amanda enjoys reminiscing her past. It is both her curse and treasure. It is her curse, because she can never reclaim her youth and freedom. She just keeps on replaying it as a narrative, which wears her children out. Her past is, furthermore, her treasure, because her memories remind her and the people around her that she was once a well-coveted and important lady, where she would receive seventeen gentlemen callers in a day. When she is not working at Famous-Barr showing brassieres, she is active in selling subscriptions to a magazine that respond s to female visions of romance (Single 149). Tom uses particular images when describing his mother; one is related to Amanda's romanticized past, and the other is the image found in a glamour magazine cover, which is a superficial image masking their family's dysfunction (Single 149). Williams depicts Amanda as trapped in the past, but pragmatic about the present and the future. As the author describes Amanda, â€Å"She is not paranoiac, but her life is paranoia† (Tischler and Bloom). Amanda is possessed with girlish manners, but she has a pragmatic view of her children’s future. She refuses to know it, but she knows Laura will never marry. She then tries to put Laura in the business world and enrolls her in a school for typing lessons. Unfortunately, Laura is too shy to finish the typing test. Amanda then rallies for the courageous, but bleak, attempt to find a gentleman for Laura. When this fails too, it is a more tragic event for Amanda than Laura. It seems that she has somehow transfixed her dreams of a good life on her daughter. Laura deals with Jim’s rejection quite maturely, which underlines who is more mature in the family. It is not Tom or Amanda, but the one who is considered the most delicate and helpless, Laura. Amanda also pressures her son to work hard for the family. In a quarrel with Tom, she scolds him: â€Å"

Handout Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Handout - Essay Example ssion can also occur from mother to child during â€Å"pregnancy, birth or through breast feeding† and this happens when infected maternal fluids enter a baby’s circulation. Another mode of transmission is through injections in which people share infected needles and syringes, especially those who abuse drugs. The shared materials often contain blood samples of previous users and the blood is injected into another person’s system (Public Health 1). Transfusion of contaminated blood, though this is controlled by screening blood products before use to minimize the risk, is another mode of the infection’s transmission. Other medical processes such as organ transplant may also transmit HIV but prior screening reduces recipients’ vulnerabilities. Previous infections by sexually transmitted infections like gonorrhea and syphilis among other sexually transmitted infections increases a person’s risk of contracting HIV. Lastly, transmission can occur in health care settings when one encounter contaminated fluids or accidental injury by contaminated objects. The virus does not however spread through casual contact like shaking hands, toilet seats, and sharing towels as well as contact with saliva unless it is contaminated with blood (NHS Choices 1; Public Health

Marketing Plan for Atlantic Quench Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Plan for Atlantic Quench - Essay Example The researcher states that the current marketing strategy of Atlantic Quench is to push its product portfolio of existing juice products in its existing market. Atlantic Quench has specialized in producing cranberry juice products, which are known for its high nutritional value. Based on the current marketing strategies and the environmental condition, the marketing plan for the next year has been designed. The marketing plan of a company acts as a blueprint which guides the future marketing efforts of an organization. The marketing plan encompasses the developing the desired marketing mix and isolating the target customers based on the product category and posting of the company. This paper is focused on the marketing strategies and future marketing plan of a hypothetical fruit juice company called Atlantic Quench, which is a cooperative firm originated in the US. It covers a detailed study of the existing marketing strategies of the company along with the internal and external envi ronmental analysis. The marketing plan has been outlined by SMART objectives and it includes the strategies to devise the future marketing mix and marketing communication strategies for the next year. The political environment of the nation largely influences the marketing strategies of a firm. It dictates the trade policies and regulations both in terms of domestic and overseas operation. Atlantic Quench mostly operates in the US which is its home country and it has also diversified into UK. These nations have a relatively stable political structure to support the growth of a fruit juice company like Atlantic Quench. However, the rise of the interest rate by the US government has made it relatively difficult for companies to finance their business. Moreover, the political relationship between the home country and the host country can also influence the supply chain of the companies. Therefore, the success of internationalization of Atlantic Quench is dependent of the political stat us of the US.

Background and conditions Essay Example for Free

Background and conditions Essay How is it possible that two people grow up together in the same family background and conditions, yet turn out to be strangers? How is it possible that two people who have lived together for many years are strangers to each other at the end? In Sonnys Blues, two brothers the narrator and Sonny, grows up together in Harlem, fall apart as they grow older, and live completely different lives. In Lullaby, Ayah feels that Chato, her husband, has remained stranger to her even when they have spend forty years together, facing all the hardships and sufferings given by life. In Sonny Blues, the narrator is the older brother who is conservative, determined, and a kind of family person. Sonny, who is his younger brother, is carefree and undecided about his future plans. It is sometimes very difficult to understand how two people coming from the same background live life completely opposite from each other. As the narrator and Sonny grow into adults, one moves towards success and the other moves towards failure. Once when their mother was dead, their lives completely changed. The narrator wants Sonny to finish his school and think about his future seriously. After knowing Sonnys plans to play jazz music, the narrator is surprised and annoyed. His conservative thinking and definition of success makes him unable to understand his brothers feelings. He fails to understand that music is Sonnys life and thats what he wants to do all his life. That makes him feel that he doesnt know his brother at all. He is like a stranger to him. The narrator, in some way or the other, wants his brother to be like himself and wants him to do whatever he thinks is safe and right for his future. So Sonny was forced to move in with his brothers fianci e, Isabel, where he has to stay until he finished high school. Sonny starts skipping school and eventually he ceases to go all together. He has been spending all his time with some musicians in a white girls apartment. He is scolded and screamed at by Isabels mother and that is what breaks him down and he runs away. After that, whenever the two brothers met they always fought awfully. It is hard to not be able to fit into society and that is why Sonny turned to drugs for a sense of belonging. Nobody was aware about this problem until it was too late. The narrator has never been a good listener to his brother. That is what I think is the greatest factor that gives him the sense of alienation towards his brother. Sonny was always kept away from his dreams. At the end of the story, the narrator for the first time listens to his brother after all these years and tries to understand him and the sufferings he has to face all his life and tries to console him. Thats when he hears him playing the piano and he ends up being proud of his brother. He becomes the important person in Sonnys life, on the way from suffering to success. They both end up happy and understanding each other much better. In Lullaby, Ayah, the old woman and her husband, Chato have lived together for forty years. Together, they have seen their three children getting apart. Ayah hates white people because she thinks that Jimmie, their eldest son, died due to them. BIA-Bureau of Indian Affairs, who consists of white people, takes away her other two children. On the other hand, Chato is always eager to learn white ways of living. He is fluent in both English and Spanish languages and works for white people in a horse farm. She hated him for teaching her to sign her name in English because thats what takes her children away from her. If she had not signed it, her children would never have departed. The white people fired Chato; he became ill after that. As Ayah describes it, That satisfied her. To see how the white man repaid years of loyalty and work. All of Chatos fine -sounding English talk didnt change things(Baldwin 127). This shows that Ayah was so rigid about her thoughts for white people that she didnt even spare her husband from criticizing. They got some money from the government that Chato spends for his wine. He was sick and drunk one evening when Ayah had to go to pick him up from the bar. That is when she feels a sense of alienation and estrangement towards Chato. She could not see him as a person so ill, drunk, and broken mentally from what he has faced after his sincere and loyal work toward white people. This feeling is very different from what the narrator in Sonnys Blues feels about his brother at some point in the story. Even if Ayah and the narrator in both the stories feel the sense of estrangement and alienation towards the people, so close to their hearts, it is different. The narrator and Sonny never stayed together for long when they grew up. They were always apart and different. Ayah and Chato were different in every way but they lived together all their life, they knew they had, and faced every suffering together. When Ayah sees Chato losing his strength to fight against the hard facts towards life, she feels this sense of estrangement. She has never seen Chato losing or giving up. She has always seen him facing the difficulties with courage and determination. She feels that they are old now. In Sonnys blues, both the brothers end up happily, but in Lullaby, the end is sad. Ayah has nothing to say about anything anymore. Her life has become memories. But the narrator and Sonny have a lot to do together in their life.

Analysis of Marks and Spencers Marketing Mix Executive Summary

Analysis of Marks and Spencers Marketing Mix Executive Summary Marks Spencer is one of the most renowned and oldest retailers of Britain. It was found in 1894 through the partnership of Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer. The first store was opened in Manchester and the company was based on primary values emphasizing on high quality, value for money, service, innovation, and trust. Due to these corollaries, the organization experienced a great success which led to national and global expansions. Today, it is one of the largest clothing retailers with 895 stores in more than 40 countries around the world. Its also listed on the London stock Exchange and FTSE 100 index. The companys current main products include clothing range, home ware and food products with a supply chain of more than 2000 suppliers globally. Nevertheless, the company started facing problems due to the various reasons such as outdated fashion products that were not on par with the fashion trends. This was primarily due to the fact that it lost focus on their central business by introducing a wide range of products that were not compatible with their core competencies. This led rivals to steal the market share. In order to tackle these issues MS decided to move into the Chinese market where they saw better and wider opportunities. Why Chinese market? China is the worlds third largest economy (behind the USA and Japan in US$ terms) and the country has the largest population of 1.3 billion (in 2008) making it one of the fastest growing economies. When the recession hit the worlds economy and the leading retail markets like US and Europe the companies were looking for opportunities to expand and diversify the risk. China was one of these markets that were not affected by the economic downturn. In 2009 its retail sales hit  ¥12.5 trillion ($1.8 trillion), an increase of 15.5% from the previous year. This was due to the continuous rise in the same year of the per capita disposable income which amounted to  ¥17,175 ($2,515). http://chinabusinessreview.net/public/1005/lu.html In 2008, MS opened its flagship store in Nanjing Road, Shanghai. However, the outcome of this venture was not as successful as expected due to several problems ranging from product incompatibilities to superstitious beliefs. The first section of the paper highlights the current financial performance of the company. This is followed by an exploration of the problematic marketing mix that contributed to the failure of the firm in China. After which, recommendations will be provided for MS to use as a turn around strategy. othman Financial highlights: The financial and trading performance is the measurement of the results of a firms policies and operations in monetary terms. These results are reflected in the firms return on investment, debt to equity ratio and many other ratios (Dictionary, 2010). A ratio is one value divided by another. The result is representative of the value of one quantity in term of another (Ross, Westerfield, Jordan, 2006). During this section the light will be put on the financial aspect of Marks and Spencers business to assess whether its financial situation is adequate or if there is any loopholes that the company might have to consider in the future. For a matter of better understanding, the financial key performance indicators will be compared to TESCOs ratios. Income: From these figures, it can be seen that Marks and Spencer has be gradually increasing its net revenues. However, even if they increased, its net income and earnings per share decreased. This can be explained by the investments that have been carried out by the company to realize its internationalization strategy. Not all of these investments have been successful as some did not succeed like in France for instance where the company decided to close all its stores and exit the market. Indeed, they abandoned their opportunity to expand in France but the cost to exist was relatively expensive mainly because of the labor force protection by the French Government (Global Oneness, 2010). Revenue by region: Stock performance: Ratios: In short term solvency, it can be said that the company is managing normally its activities in an inefficient way. Indeed, if it was to pay its short term debt immediately, the company would just be able to cover around 80% of them. If Tesco is taken as an example, its current ratio is 345% (Yahoo Finance, 2010) which means that Tesco is more secure financially than Marks and Spencer. Thus, investors would be willing to invest more in Tesco. This situation also spread bad image for the company in its financial circle which can have the effect of reducing the investing power of the company. Regarding the long term situation, the level of Asset-to-equity and Debt-to-equity ratios show that the company have a large part of its assets financed by Debt. Consequently, it highlights a high level of financial leverage, approximately 64%; which is supported more by the debt ratio. Problematic areas of Business: nafisa Marketing mix Porduct: Clothing It is crucial in fashion industry to get the product right. In the past decade, MS had downturns of business and brand image related to its apparel getting old fashioned. Although analysts say they have recovered, they seem repeating product mistakes in Chinese market as well. Experts in fashion, have identified key issues that may lead a fashion product to fail. According to Jackson and Shaw (2009), here are the common reasons why fashion products fail: poor or outdated design; poor sizing or fit; unfashionable or irrelevant styles/prints/colours; poor positioning or in-store presentation; poor value or uncompetitive price; poor or non-existent consumer awareness of the product and/or its availability; hyper strong competitive offers elsewhere. Researches and analyses on the MS expansion to Chinese market indicate that all above points were relevant to their products. 4.1.2 Sizing Each clothing retail brand has its basic pattern block that probably has been made after studying target groups measurements and taking the average from that. Marks Spencers typical apparel customer is a woman after 40s who prefers comfortable fit and quality. This has affected MS fashion and sizing as well. Customers complain MS clothes and underwear are larger compared to the same sized item from another shops. In mass production of several thousands of pieces of garments, shrinking the measurement in to unnoticeable 1 cm may make noticeable reduction in cost. Therefore fashion is created according to feasibility, cost effectiveness of the designs and it is influencing the way clothes fit and the sizing as well. The reason why MS clothes seem greater compared to cheaper rivals is actually can be explained by the philosophy of not compromising on quality. Average size in Chinese apparel industry is smaller than European size in every dimensions. It is shorter; sleeves are 2 inches shorter, sizes up to 16-18. In Europe it is up to 26. When a fashion retailer enters a new market, it is important to research consumers sizes, body structure, and culture. Because these things influence peoples fashion tastes and clothing culture. Style and Fashion: In the Chinese market, MS offering large size garments that pleased expatriates who struggle to find their size in shops, which target average Chinese women. However, Chinese customers showed very low interest, as the clothes are too big and too simple. MS is a department store that tries to meet the needs of all age groups with different needs. Where as competitors try to focus on one segment and one fashion concept and therefore perform effectively. The brands failure of drawing young Chinese peoples attention could be due the failure of Everything for all positioning in general. Fast fashion requires the retailer to focus on certain, preferable well-specified segment (like Zaras, classy chic over 20s). May be it is time for MS to give in-house brands independence and expose number of different brands, keeping MS just a store name. Diversified products result in bigger and slower supply chain. Because competitors are adopting efficient and quick product turnover, smaller and faster batches, MS clothes, when arrived to stores cannot stand the competition. Costumers find them out of fashion. Brand value is a key for success in fashion industry. Fast moving, better-positioned and low price competitors are jeopardizing brand value of once famous clothing retailer with heritage. Celebrating its 125 birthday, MS resembles older generation fashion and in store brands and young celebrities used as brand ambassadors not helping to attract 20-25 year olds although they are helping to retain more customers whod switch to competitors otherwise. According to research by Datamonitor, more than 75% of shoppers in the food halls of MS, are over 45. In the fashion department the problem is worse: 65% of its main clothing shoppers were aged over 55, as were those who accounted for 48% of spending on MS clothing last year. (http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/22/bolland-marks-spencer-problems ) hassan Food: Limited range and Long life food products: Marks and Spencer has been criticized by its Chinese customers that the food products in shelves were produced a long time ago from the date of purchase. So there is only a small portion of fresh products and also the range and variety is limited. Majority of products are approaching towards expiry date. The food items contain preservatives that effect taste of products. Further research shows that a large amount of products were destroyed due to expiry, spoilage and bad conditions. Almost all products are made in UK so this leads to customers perception of Marks Spencer as a British store. Research shows that the main reason for above mentioned problems is that Marks and Spencer imports its products from UK. It takes a significant time in shipment of goods from UK to China due to enlarged supply chain cycle involved. A portion of products is deteriorated due to inefficiencies in handling, storing and transportation procedures. Branding issue Marks and Spencer brands all its products under its trade name MS. this brand name appear strange to Chinese people and they have translated it into a Chinese term. Also this brand name has no direct linkage with products. This is due to company policy towards branding and trends in UK market as much of retailers such as Tesco brands their products under their trade name. 4.2.3 Packaging issue: Marks Spencer customers are finding product packs confusing and misleading. Research reveals a customer complains that he bought a packet assuming it to be biscuits but when he opened it were snacks. The above problem is a result of standardized strategy towards packaging and labeling. The labeling lacks Chinese description and also rich in text and without product images. othman Marketing Mix Price: When setting the price of a product, the company must understand perfectly its cost and the customer value perception for the product (Armstrong, Harker, Kotler, Brennan, 2009). Marks and Spencer did surely understand these points when operating in UK and in other successful countries but not when it came to China as the company failed to set the price correctly. Normally, the price the company charges will fall somewhere between one that is too high to produce any demand and one that is too low to generate any revenue (Armstrong, Harker, Kotler, Brennan, 2009). These are the extremes and Marks and Spencer leaned far too much to the high price end. As a result, the company found it very hard to sell its product and generate profit for a viable business in China. One example would be the cashmere scarves that Marks and Spencer was selling or pretending to sell, as no one bought them, at  £50 where it was possible to get them for far less at nearby stores (Moore, 2009). However, in some cases the prices of products were convenient but the customers still did not buy them. The reason is primarily that Marks and Spencer did come late. Indeed, Wal-Mart and Carrefour were there before and had more than enough time to impose their respective brands and enjoy the lions part (Crabbe, 2010). Marketing Mix Place: When entering a new market, one of the crucial decision that a company has to make is choosing the right location to open in. indeed, the location is one of the key factors to a business success firstly due to of being the least flexible of the strategic retailing issues and secondly, because the location set the geographical boundaries of the trading area from which the store draws its customers (William Ferrell, 2010). As a result, in the following paragraph will discuss the problems related to the Marks and Spencer stores in China. Marks and Spencer has opened since 2008 two stores in China, one in Huaihai Road in Shanghai, the equivalent of Londons Oxford Street (City Focus, 2010). And the other one is in Yuyuan Garden, Shanghai major attraction and commercial hub (City in pulse, 2010). These stored, especially the first one, has suffered poor trading in the last months. This was due to many factors but the discussion will only focus on location related issues. The first issue concerning the location was the first store opened. Marks and Spencer had chosen one of the most popular streets in Shanghai because it wanted to show its brand reputation and refined stores. But at the same time, the company wanted to expand quickly and as a result the store was not ready to welcome the new Chinese customers. Indeed the walls were scuffed and the paint job was poor (Moore, 2009). As the old adage confirm, the first impression is the last impression and by failing to make a good one in the Grand opening of its first store, Marks and Spencer condemned itself of having a bad image in China. The second issue was that the company underestimated the differences in operating in China and Hong Kong, therefore using the same strategy to find the store location in China. Indeed, Sir Stuart Rose admitted to the Financial Times during his visit to the Shanghai store that Marks and Spencer did misunderstood the Chinese mainland market, assuming that its experience in Hong Kong could be directly transferred to this market (News, 2009). vaishali Marketing Mix Promotion: Brand awareness: One of the major problems with Marks and Spencers (MS) venture into China is the fact that many local people were not aware of the brand. In fact, one of the articles regarding MS in China talks about local men saying weve never heard of this company. Many female shoppers also claimed to be unfamiliar with the brand. Although it is a well-known British company with many outlets overseas, it is fairly unknown amongst Chinas local public. This means that there is a lack of brand awareness and advertising as the locals do not have much knowledge of its history. As a result of this, many customers would not be instantly drawn to it as they do not recognize it. Lack of familiarity discourages people to enter the stores which will inherently affect sales. Other issues: teja Supply chain: Global supply chain management is an important area for MS in its expansion to China. Global supply chain management involves the companys worldwide interests. In Chinas expansion it is noticeable that the supply chain related issues are based on the following areas. Timing Proper timing in approaching a market gives advantages for a company. For example first movers in a market always have advantages in gaining profits. Chinas retail industry has grown rapidly during the recent history. The move of MS to China was taken during the recession. Even though China was less affected by recession due to its closed financial system, the worldwide demand for Chinese exports were decreasing. It was a time when cash strapped consumers were moving away from expensive ready cooked meals and thinking about buying the cheaper substitutes instead of the expensive. Luxury ready prepared meal that is the mainstay of Marks and Spencers offering. Marks and Spencer dont have enough flexibility to move  their offerings at the time of Moving to China.   The result is loss of customers to competitors and it will become difficult to recover them when economic times get better. Institutional Factors Product controls, government regulations, tariffs affects supply chains. When MS initially started the business in China the company had lots of difficulties in getting products into the country. Chinese custom officials blocked MS goods. This situation created empty shelves in the food department of the store. (http://www.jddchina.com, 2010) Corruption and government bureaucracy remain a major issue in China. Business activities and financial related activities can take a lot more time than comparing with UK and the administration costs remain extremely high. The higher amount of control in the economy by the government creates policy uncertainty. This uncertainty exists as a major challenge for businesses operating in China. Integration According to the experience of successful international businesses in China such as Sara, HM and Tesco, it is necessary to take a long view in China. Existing products should not be transplanted into Chinese markets without making them localized. In the localization process it is necessary to have a proper integration with the local talents that can create better customer links. Nilesh Superstitious beliefs: Although China is one of the big and a great country in all the aspects of the world but still they have lots of superstitious beliefs. Marks and Spencer in china has suffered from these kinds of beliefs. China has a main impact of Feng Shui. Feng Shui is widely used to orient buildings. According to the retail competitors of Marks Spencer the main store is at a cursed location of the city. This superstitious gossip was because just at the four days of opening of the Chinas main MS store there was a death of one of the man named Harshit Shah. He got killed accidently while leaning over the side of escalator (The Telegraph, 2010). As MS is in China we cant neglect these things that could have been one of the reasons of the failure for Marks Spencer in China. Most of the Chinese people have some traditional beliefs about the numbers. They consider no. 4 is associated with the death so most of the times they dont even buy products that price starting or ending by number 4. They consider number 8 for prosperity and good luck. They also skip the 4th floor in many of the buildings. Different styles forms of the Feng Shui are often used to block or reduce the negative energies that occur. According to some believers of the Feng Shui the structure of the Marks Spencers store was wrong and that led think of superstitions as one of the problems for MS in China. Recommendations: nafisa Marketing Mix Product: Clothing Researches show Chinese consumers are not familiar with MS brand. This gives an opportunity of positioning the brand differently than it is positioned in home country. The construction of store image, comprising both tangible and intangible dimensions, compounds problems of moving into international markets as consumers in the host environment are less familiar with the intangible dimensions of image, which have been built up over time with exposure to the retail company. Retail companies therefore need to fully understand the importance of image in competitive positioning and the components of store image before attempting to replicate this image and positioning overseas. Repositioning the brand can give a chance to reach the desired customer, 25-35 year old Chinese consumer with higher disposable income. With current strategy MS cannot be as successful in china as in the UK. Because older generation in China do not have high disposable income unlike their European peers. BCG researches indicated that Chinese consumer is very young. Although fashion has become global already, it still needs localization when entering a new market. Jessica Lo, of the China Market Research Group warns that western brands should not bank on Chinese consumers directly paralleling European and American shoppers when it comes to taste and aesthetic appetites. Many western companies forget to localise both their styles as well as advertising. They use celebrities and images that work in the UK and Europe, but that dont resonate with Chinese consumers. It is critical that companies get the right product selection and style and advertising image. (http://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/news/article.cfm?c_id=6objectid=10650170 ) Marks Spencer can increase its Petite range products and bring it to Chinese market with different, localized brand. When petite sizes are average, its better to replace the name, because it may sound offensive rather than just size attribute. It is recommended that MS researches fashion preferences, consumer behaviour of Chinese people and then create an in-house brand customized for Chinese market. Similar brand should be created for menswear as well. hassan Food: Limited range and long life products: Chinese people are very conscious about their food selection because they link it directly to their good health and long life. So we recommend the following actions to be taken and implemented. Marks and Spencer should develop local production facilities so that products are produced and processed in china than importing from UK. So as a result people will get fresh products at best taste. This will also change its image from a British retailer to a local manufacturer. Develop methods and improve conditions so the preservatives are not added in the products. This can be achieved by improving packaging, storage conditions and efficient supply chain and product replacement cycle. Re-engineer the import process so the inefficiencies in handling, packaging, storing and transportation are removed to ensure minimum wastage. The freshness and pureness (no preservatives) features will be used for promotion of products as it is a successful practice now days used by high profile food manufacturers. The company executives can perceive local production as a costly operation when comparing to demand but it will increase demand in long term by bettering product image. We can also export our made in china products to other near locations like India and other markets. It will also lower the cost and will drive prices in a competitive range. Packaging: The packaging is a core area of concern as it acts in a multiple way by communicating product information and brand character. It is the first point of contact of product with customer so it should be attractive in terms of design and colour. The Chinese link longness to long life so package should be designed in long shapes and the colour are also important. As they will be attracted towards red packs which is a symbol of prosperity and avoid using black colour as it is for bad luck.( http://chinasearch.co.uk/buy/marks-and-spencer/) Package should be functional and clear so it shows the true picture and nature of product. It should be convenient for Chinese people to open as they avoid cutting things with scissors and knives. Package should be well labeled about product, brand and all relevant information. Marks and spencer should label products using a bilingual approach. Using both Chinese language and English so it will be useful for customers to read all information they need. The label can be made more attractive and functional by adding Chinese recipes. othman Marketing Mix Price: To make the prices of products more affordable and competitive, one solution would be that Marks and Spencer improves its supply chain to reduce cost: First, by exploiting the technology in its stores by introducing hand held communicators to track clothes from the distribution to the sales floor which helps to know exactly what is in the stores. The result would be a more efficient and cost effective delivery system Second, by introducing a technology that consists of counting the number of items sold by kind automatically when the transaction is handled; For clothes especially to know what items are better sold and what are the ones that have to be removed. Another suggestion would be to carry out a consumer shopping experience research to know what kind of design Chinese prefer, and what products should go together in order to get rid of unwanted products and consequently reducing the cost of unsold goods The last but not least is to make enough space between clothes and food so that the stores looks more attractive thus reducing the concern about price. Marketing Mix Place: As it was said at the beginning, the location is the less flexible asset. Consequently the suggested solution will focus more on upcoming stores. The ideal location for these future stores would be places that people can access more easily, also MS should think about starting to open small stores to catch also the low volume buyers as this type of potential customers are willing to become loyal clients but are not going to waste time in a supermarket just to buy few items. For future stores, Marks and Spencer should evaluate the relative ease if movement to and from the site, including factors such as pedestrian and vehicular traffic, parking and transportation (William Ferrell, 2010). The company should also evaluate the characteristics if the site itself: types of stores in the area and the visibility of the lot under consideration (William Ferrell, 2010). One last thing to do is to look for compatibility with neighboring stores merely because stores that complement one another d raw more customers for everyone (William Ferrell, 2010). vaishali Marketing Mix Promotion: Re-branding and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Due to the fact that the company has been battling with bad press and negative public views due to several reasons such as offering products that do not cater the needs of the market, lack of products, providing wrong sizes and superstitions due to the occurrence of a death during the opening week, MS needs to re-brand itself in order to move away from the negative connotations, erase the past image and start afresh. This can be done by changing the store look and layout. It should have colours and products that exude vibrancy and freshness. The MS logo should be re-designed in order to bring a sense of novelty. The focal signboard outside the store should grab attention and be vibrant. It can be designed with neon lights and a different shade of green, together with black in order to make it look noticeable. The window displays should also be creatively designed with mannequins dressed up in vibrant colours and innovative designs. The arrangement should grab hold of the passerbyà ¢ â‚ ¬Ã… ¸s interest, especially the female youth- which will be MSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s new target market. Although this is an advertising technique, it primarily falls under re-branding the store and giving the brand a new image. All these efforts should be concentrated towards recreating a store that does not remind the customers of the old store or their views of it- it should feel new to the customers and help develop positive impressions. Another way of erasing bad memories and creating a positive image in the minds of the public is by engaging in CSR (corporate social responsibilities) activities. MS should consider taking up a project that can prove to be beneficial for Shanghai and its people. One such way is by engaging in charitable causes that help raise funds to help out some of Shanghaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s poor population. Such activities should have proper news coverage so as to disseminate the message amongst the people about MSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s good, unselfish deed. This will help change the minds of at least some of the people and help develop an optimistic view of the brand. Increasing brand awareness: Due to the fact that many people were unfamiliar with the brand, MS should engage in heavy advertising. It can include various mediums, some suggestions for MS are as follows:  · Television: This is the most successful way of reaching mass-market, especially in China where it is very popular. MS should consider buying slot times during programs that have the highest viewership. For example, the China Central Television (CCTV) claims to have 600 million viewers for its daily evening news- making it the most watched news program in the world. Adverts can also be shown during the running of popular programs like the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Spring Festival Galaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ (one of the highest rated show in China), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Fashion Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ (on Gungxi TV, which shows the highlight from fashion shows around the world- also one of the top-rated shows) or during famous soap operas like à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Wo Juà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸. MS should create eye-catching ads with catchy tunes and cool graphics and also make use of famous local celebrities like Yao Ming, Zhang Ziyi and Jay Chou to establish a connection with the local people. Famous international celebri ties, like David Beckham or singer Rihanna, can also be used for TV ads to catch the attention of the expats, and these ads will still manage to get the attention of the Chinese people who also like and recognise them (celebrity branding).  · Print advertising: Newspapers are also Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s most popular advertising medium. Papers like à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Jiefang Ribaoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ (Liberation Daily) and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Jingji Ribaoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ (Economic Daily) have high readership rates- nevertheless, these are mainly read by the working class people. In order to reach out to the youth market, MS can advertise in the popular Chinese Youth Magazine known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Zhongguo Qing Nian Baoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸. Popular female magazines like à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Elle Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Harperà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s Bazaar Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ can also feature MS adverts and it will help reach out to middle-upper class women interested in fashion. Also, television-based brochures also have high circulation rates. MS can feature its ads in the Shanghai Weekly Radio Broadcasting and TV known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Meizhou Guangbo Dianshià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸, which has a circulation of 2.8 million in Shanghai.  · Online advertising: This is the usage of the World Wide Web in order to get the message across and build interest for your brand. In China, 1/3 of the population is found online, this makes it the second largest à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾internet communityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ in the world. Internet is a good way of reaching out to young people, and this is important to note as they will be MSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s target market for the clothing department. In China, Facebook is not as popular as websites called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾QQà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾360 Quanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ (Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s largest social networking sites). Whereby companies today are creating facebook pages to reach out to the youth market (e.g. Burberry), MS should try and join the aforementioned sites to create awareness, inform the youth about the brand and its products and encourage them to buy them. This is also a good way to connect with the